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Anatomy LE > ankle > Flashcards

ankle Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

what are the three joints of the ankle

A

talocural, distal tibi fib, subtalar

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2
Q

Subtalar joint

A

art between the tarsal bones in the foot: the talus and calcaneus

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3
Q

Distal tib fib

A

between the tib and fib

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4
Q

Talocrural joint

A

connects the bones of the leg, the fibula and tibia, with the talus of the foot.

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5
Q

what is the Ottawa Ankle Rules used for

A

Purpose: to determine the need for radiographs after acute ankle injury

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6
Q

Ottawa Ankle Rules

A

Pain in malleolar or midfoot area and Either:

Inability to bear weight immediately after injury AND in the ED (taking 4 steps)

OR

Bone tenderness at the posterior edge of tibia or fibula or tip of medial or lateral malleolus

OR
Bone tenderness at the navicular or proximal base of 5th metatarsal

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7
Q

what makes up the medial long arch

A

calcaneus
talus
navicular
medial cuneifrom
1st metatarsal

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8
Q

Pes Planus

A

flat foot

“high arch foot”, excessive or rigid supination of the foot and ankle

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9
Q

Pes Cavus

A

“high arch foot”

excessive or rigid supination of the foot and ankle

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10
Q

lateral arch

A

calcaneus
cuboid
5th metatarsal

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11
Q

where is the transverse arch found at

A

the metatarsal layer

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12
Q

ligament of the medial ankle

A
  • Tibionavicular ligament:
  • Anterior Tibiotalar ligament:
  • Plantar calcaneonavicular
  • Long plantar ligament
  • Posterior tibiotalar
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13
Q
  • The Deltoid ligament
A

is a strong, flat and triangular band.

It is made up of 4 ligaments that form the triangle, connecting the tibia to the navicular, the calcaneus, and the talus

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14
Q

medial ligaments do what

A

stabilize the medial ankle

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15
Q

Posterior tibiotalar and Anterior Tibiotalar ligament:

A

help stabilize medial longitudinal area

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16
Q

lateral ligaments

A

Anterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular
Posterior talofibular
anterior tibi fib ligament

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17
Q

Posterior Ligaments

A

post. tibiotalar part of medial ankle ligament
post. talofibular ligment
post tibiofibular

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18
Q

3 ligament complex of the lateral ligaments stablize what

A

talocrural joint

  • restrict inversion of foot
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19
Q

posterior ligaments

A
  • Post. Tibiofibular
  • Post. Talofibular
  • Post. Tibiotalar
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20
Q

subtalar ligaments

A

Medial & lateral talocalcaneal ligaments
Interosseus talocalaneal ligament
Cervical ligament

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21
Q

Cervical ligament

A

long plantar ligament
dorsal cuneonavicular

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22
Q

Four compartments of the lower leg:

A

Anterior
Lateral – superficial blood vessels
Deep Posterior
Superficial Posterior

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23
Q

Anterior Compartment of leg

A

Tibialis Anterior
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Deep Peroneal Nerve (L4-S1)

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24
Q

Deep Posterior Compartment:

A

Tibialis Posterior
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexor Hallicus Longus
Tibial N –
TP: L4-5
FDL: S2,3
FHL: S2,3

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25
Superficial Posterior Compartment
Plantaris Gastrocnemius Soleus Tibial N (S1,2)
26
Lateral Compartment:
Peroneus Longus Peroneus Brevis Superficial Peroneal N (L5 – S2)
27
Anterior Compartment what kind of muscles
Extrinsic muscles: Originate outside of the foot
28
Tibialis Anterior action
Dorsiflexion and Inversion
29
Extensor Digitorum Longus action
Action – Dorsiflexion and Eversion with toe (2-5) extension
30
Extensor Hallicus Longus
Action – Dorsiflexion and Eversion with great toe extension
31
Gastrocnemius attachments
Has attachments a medial and lateral femoral condyle
32
Gastrocnemius one joint or two joint
two crosses the knee and the ankle
33
Gastrocnemius action
Plantarflexes the foot and ankle
34
Soleus action
Ankle PF, independent of knee position Important role maintaining standing posture
35
Plantaris
Weak ankle PF
36
Flexor Hallucis Longus action
Great toe MTP and IP flexion, weak ankle PF, supports medial longitudinal arch of foot
37
Flexor Digitorum Longus
Flexes digits 2-5 at MTP, PIP, and DIP joints, supports longitudinal arches of foot
38
Tibialis Posterior
Ankle PF and inversion
39
Peroneus Longus
Ankle eversion, weak ankle PF
40
Peroneus Brevis
Ankle eversion, weak ankle PF
41
1st layer
abductor digiti minimi abductor hallucis flexor digitorum brevis
42
2nd layer
Lumbricals Quadrate plantae
43
3 rd layer
oblique and tranverse head of the adductor hallucis flexor hallucis brevis flexor digiti minimi
44
4th layer
dorsal interossei plantar interossei
45
Dorsalis pedis is a conituation of what
continuation of the anterior tibial aa
46
Super peroneal nerve
runs through the ant compartment
47
5 structure in the tarsal tunnel
Tom Dick ANd henery
48
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome id due to
Neurovascular compromise of the Tibial N or Posterior Tibial Artery Space occupying lesion in the tarsal tunnel that creates compression Swollen, inflamed tendon Increased fluid and swelling in tarsal tunnel Mass of tissue
49
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome presents as
Burning / pins & needles / temperature changes in the plantar aspect of the foot
50
Sagittal Plane Motion of the Foot
DF and PF
51
Sagittal Plane Motion of the Foot axis
Axis lies in frontal & transverse plane
52
Dorsiflexio ROM
15° - 20°
53
Plantarflexion ROM
30° - 50°
54
Joint for Sagittal Plane Motion of the Foot axis
Talocrural joint provides most of this motion Some motion also available at the Oblique axis of midtarsal joint
55
Talocrural Joint Axis connect what
Connects tips of medial & lateral malleoli This is at a slight angle, not very significant
56
Talocrural Joint Axis movement
Allows mostly dorsiflexion/plantarflexion with slight abd/ev & add/inv
57
Talocrural Joint Axis and frontal plane
Tipped anterior and posterior to true frontal plane by approximately 6°
58
Frontal Plane Motion of the Foot
inversion and eversion
59
Frontal Plane axis
Axis lies in sagittal & transverse planes
60
Frontal Plane Motion joint that provides motion
Subtalar joint provides most of this motion (main) Inversion ~ 25°- 30° Eversion ~ 5° - 15° Midtarsal joint (longitudinal axis) will also provide this motion, 2ndary
61
Subtalar Joint Axis - angle of inclination
~ 45° from frontal and transverse (angle of inclination)
62
Subtalar Joint Axis - deviation angle
15° medial/lateral from sagittal
63
Subtalar Joint Axis movement allowed
Allows mostly Inv / Ev with some abd/add Very little df / pf motion
64
Midtarsal Joint 2 axis
Longitudinal Axis Oblique Axis
65
Longitudinal Axis location
Angled 15° from transverse plane & 9° medially from sagittal plane
66
Longitudinal Axis movement
Allows mostly Eversion & Inversion
67
Oblique Axis local
Angled 52° from transverse plane & 57° medially from sagittal plane
68
Oblique Axis movement
Allows mostly DF/abd (pronation) & PF/add (supination)
69
Transverse plane motion
abduction & adduction
70
Joint(s) that provide that produce Transverse plane motion
abd and add Is not the primary motion at any joint in the foot and ankle Combination from talocrural, subtalar, and midtarsal
71
Triplane Axis
Lies at an angle to all 3 cardinal planes
72
Triplane Axis Resultant motion
Triplane motion Supination Pronation
73
Supination combined movements
Plantarflexion Inversion Adduction
74
Plantarflexion joints
Talocrural joint Oblique axis of midtarsal joint
75
Inversion joints
Subtalar joint Longitudinal axis of midtarsal joint
76
Adduction joints
Slight contribution from talocrural, subtalar, and midtarsal
77
Pronation combine movements
Dorsiflexion Eversion Abduction
78
Dorsiflexion joint
Talocrural joint Oblique axis of midtarsal joint
79
Eversion joint
Subtalar joint Longitudinal axis of midtarsal joint
80
Abduction joint
Slight contribution from talocrural, subtalar, and midtarsal
81
metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joints 1st needs
Important for normal gait cycle We need 70-75 degrees of extension at this joint Proximal moving on distal
82
1st MTP motion
Requires 75° of 1st MTP extension
83
1st MTP motion Occurs as a result of
Heel lift STJ supination 1st MTP shorter than 2nd Normal sesamoid function
84
Loading to Mid-stance joint movement
Subtalar joint (everts) pronates - - - - forefoot becomes more mobile
85
loading to mid-satnce​ postion good parts
Improves shock absorption Foot becomes more adaptable to changing terrain More stable base of support
86
Mid-stance to toe off
Subtalar joint (inverted) supinates - - - - forefoot becomes more rigid
87
Mid-stance to toe off postion is goof becasue
Provides a more rigid lever for efficient push-off
88
proximal structure of the LE and the subtalar joint
proximal structure of the LE have an effect of the subtalar joint
89
IR the femur what happens at the foot
the foot goes out into pronati

Anatomy LE (13 decks)

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