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Anatomy LE > Vertebrae part 1 > Flashcards

Vertebrae part 1 Flashcards

(121 cards)

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1
Q

How is the vert bound together

A

Bound together by deformable discs

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2
Q

Function of the vert

A

Provides a rigid but flexible axis for movement

Provides a firm base for suspending structures
allow body to maintain cavities with relative constant shape and size

Provides protection for spinal cord

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3
Q

Vertebral Columnand its 3 pillars of support

A

1 major pillar located anteriorly

2 minor pillars located posteriorly

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4
Q

1 major pillar

A

joined together by intervertebral discs forming a continuous flexible pillar

Central axis of body
j

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5
Q

2 minor pillars

A

Stacking of articular processes joined together at synovial joints

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6
Q

section of the vert

A

C7
T12
L5
S5 fussed
C4 fused

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7
Q

Spinal Curves

A

Kyphotic Curves
Lordotic Curves

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8
Q

Kyphotic Curves

A

Thoracic and sacral regions

Primary curves

Regions of greatest stability

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9
Q

Lordotic Curves

A

Cervical and lumbar regions
Secondary curves
Regions of greatest mobility
Enhance weightbearing function of vert. column

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10
Q

the lumbar curve at birth

A

it is a Kyphotic Curve but as we process form crawling it transition to a lordotic curve and allows for more mobility

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11
Q

Cervical Spine

A

Axial skeleton of the neck

Supports and moves the head - sensory platform

7 cervical vertebrae in humans

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12
Q

what does sensory platform in the cervical spine mean

A

Both of our eyes are straight ahead w/o the cervical spire we cannot see shit

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13
Q

Thoracic Spine

A

Suspends the ribs

Supports the respiratory cavity

12 thoracic vertebrae in humans

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14
Q

Lumbar Spine

A

Lies opposite the abdominal cavity

Allows mobility between the thorax and pelvis

5 lumbar vertebrae in humans

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15
Q

Sacrum

A

Lies opposite the pelvic cavity

Unites vertebral column with pelvic girdle

5 fused sacral vertebrae

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16
Q

Coccyx

A

Rudimentary structure in humans- start with a tail and this is gone with time

Lends support to pelvic floor

Fused bodies of 3 to 5 coccygeal vertebrae in humans

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17
Q

Vertebral Body bone type

A

Thick core of trabecular bone

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18
Q

Vertebral Body function

A

Functions in supporting and distributing weight

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19
Q

Vertebral endplates

A

Superior and inferior surfaces of trabecular bone covered with hyaline cartilage

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20
Q

Ring Apophyses of the vert body

A

(Epiphyses)

Apophyses-ring surrounding the cortical bone, on the top and the bottom

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21
Q

spongy bone of the vert body stress

A

The crisscrossing of spongy bone is showing the strong parts of the bone

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22
Q

Vertebral Arch- vertebral foramen

A

Forms vertebral foramen together with vertebral body and protects the neural tissues

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23
Q

vertebral foramen shape

A

Foramen is triangular in cervical, lumbar and sacral regions and circular in thoracic

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24
Q

Vertebral Arch bone type

A

Made up of primarily cortical bone

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25
Pedicles form what
Superior and inferior concavities form intervertebral foramen
26
intervertebral foramen
transmission of spinal nerves > Ant border- vertebral joint > Posterior – facet joint
27
Pedicles location
Form ventral part of vertebral arch
28
spurring of vertbral joints issues
Spurring can move into intervertebral Foremen You can also get a disc herniation in the discs which can lead to encroachment into foremen
29
Laminae
Extend dorsally and fuse in midline
30
Spinous Process local
Projects dorsally from junction between two laminae
31
Spinous Process function
Function as levers for back extensors
32
Spinous Process differnce through regions
Shape and inclination varies with region
33
Cervical SP
thin and horizontal
34
Thoracic SP
long with downward inclination
35
Lumbar SP
thick and horizontal
36
Articular Processes location
Extend from junctions of pedicles and laminae
37
Paired Articular Processes
Superior articular processes Inferior articular processes
38
Orientation of articular porcesses
Orientation varies with vertebral region
39
Pars Interarticularis
Region between superior and inferior articular processes
40
Spondylolysis
has to do with Pars Interarticularis – defect in pars
41
Spondylolisthesis
– ant. displacement
42
Transverse Processes
Project from junctions between pedicles and laminae
43
Sacrum
Wedge shaped Formed by fusion of 5 sacral vertebrae Concave ventrally and convex dorsally
44
Sacral base - Sacral promontory
ventral projection of the S1 vert body
45
Sacral Base - Superior articular processes
art w/ the inferior art processes of S5
46
Sacral Base
Sacral promontory Superior articular processes Ala
47
Ala
the upper part of the lateral part of sacrum, lateral to the first sacral vertebra
48
Sacral Canal
Triangular shape, contains cauda equina 4 pairs of IVF communicate with 4 pairs of pelvic sacral foramina and 4 pairs of dorsal sacral foramina
49
Dorsal Surface of Sacrum
Sacral crests - median, intermediate and lateral Sacral hiatus Sacral cornua Inferior lateral angles
50
Lateral Surface of Sacrum - Auricular surface
Covered with hyaline cartilage Articulates with innominate bone
51
Lateral Surface of Sacrum- Areas of ligamentous attachment
52
Median Sacral crests
formed by fusion of sacral SPs; 4 spinous tubercles project from crest
53
Intermediate sacral crests
represent fused articular processes
54
Lateral sacral crests
represent fused TPs
55
Sacral hiatus
hole at the bottom - the 5 vert did not fuse
56
S1 vert body males vs. females
larger in males (x)
57
Ala of the sacrum
large in Females (Y) larger pelvic cavity
58
Transitional Vertebrae
Vertebra has some features of both adjacent spinal segments Typically occurs where morphology of vertebra markedly changes from one level to the next cervicothoracic thoracolumbar lumbosacral
59
Transitional Vertebrae - Sacralization
L5 (or part of L5) fuses to sacrum when L5 takes on some of the features of S1 Can get synovial joints forming w/ the sacrum or fusing Common
60
Transitional Vertebra - Lumbarization
Imcomplete fusion of S1 to rest of sacrum less common
61
anthropolgy
anthropolgy
62
Intervertebral Discs location
Interposed between adjacent vertebrae from C2/3 to L5/S1
63
Intervertebral Discs height of the column
20% to 33% of height of vertebral column
64
anterior elements of the vert is composed of
vert. bodies + Intervertebral Discs
65
Whats is between C1 and C2
not a inter - disct
66
does the size of intervertebral​ disc change
yes thicker in the lumbar region beacsue of more pressure in this location
67
what are Intervertebral Discs made out of
Fibrocartilaginous
68
what is the main function of the Intervertebral Discs
Major compression-bearing structures
69
parts of the Intervertebral Discs
Nucleus pulposus Annulus fibrosis
70
Nucleus Pulposus made out of
part of the intervertebral disc Fine fibrous strands in a proteoglycan gel
71
Properties of Nucleus Pulposus
viscoelasticity and water imbibement
72
Imbibement in the necleus pulpsus
Imbibement of water – take in water and swells, being able to preload the disc Compressing the disc to get rid of the water
73
viscoelasticity of nucleus pulposus
the timing of the applied force will affect how the muscle responds
74
Nucleus Pulposus with age
By end of first decade, gel begins to be replaced by fibrocartilage Eventually (about 60 yrs), nucleus pulposus cannot be distinguished from annulus fibrosus (Sylven)
75
What does age do to immbibment
Compromises disc’s ability for water imbibement and viscoelasticity
76
Annulus Fibrosis Composition
outer ring Concentric laminated bands of fibrocartilage and collagenous fibers
77
Attachments of Annulus Fibrosis
Inner fibers into cartilaginous endplates Outer fibers into ring apophyses (Sharpey’s fibers)
78
where is the Annulus Fibrosis best studied
lumbar spine
79
Annulus Fibrosis fiber orietation
obliquely to plane of disc Fibers within same lamina are parallel with each other Fibers of adjacent laminae are oriented in different directions Posteriorly, laminae join with each other and fibers run vertically
80
Annulus Fibrosis with age
Degenerative changes begin after second decade Fibers lose elasticity (especially posterior fibers) So vulnerable to tearing
81
Cervical Discs Nucleus Pulposus
NP fills less than 25% of disc volume at birth and becomes fibrocartilaginous after 2nd decade
82
Cervical Discs Annulus Fibrosis
Fibers of AF are not organized in separate laminae, but interweave Posterolaterally (at uncovertebral jts.), no AF Ant. AF major stabilizer in C-spine
83
Intervertebral Joint type of joint
Symphysis Disc forms bond between 2 adjacent vertebrae
84
Deformation of disc at the intervertebral joint
permits movement between vertebral bodies Amount of movement directly related to size of disc
85
Anterior Ligaments of Intervertebral Joint
Anterior longitudinal lig.
86
posterior ligament of inervertebral joint
Posterior longitudinal lig.
87
Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
Runs from basilar part of occiput to S1 on anterior aspect of vertebral column
88
Thickness of ant longitudinal​ ligment ​
Thickness varies according to region
89
cervical spine Anterior Longitudinal
Thin and narrow in cervical spine
90
thoracic spine Anterior Longitudinal
Thick and broad
91
lumbar spine Anterior Longitudinal
Broad but thin in lumbar spine, blending with crura of diaphragm
92
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament location
Runs from body of axis to S1 along posterior aspect of vertebral bodies
93
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament forms what
Forms protective barrier between spinal cord and vertebral column
94
lumbar region of the longitudinal​ ligament
Narrow and denticulated in lumbar region. Implications for posterolateral disc herniations. Spread out and attach to the intervert discs Weakened are of the intervert in the lumbar spine
95
denticulated meaning
Triangular shaped ligaments that anchor the spinal cord along its length, at each side, to the dura mater
96
posterolateral disc herniations in the lumbar back
Herniation can encroach on a spinal nerve because the discs are moving into the spinal nerve space
97
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament when Narrow and denticulated in lumbar region.
Implications for posterolateral disc herniations. Spread out and attach to the intervert discs Weakened are of the intervert in the lumbar spine
98
Facet Joints over all
Synovial joints formed between sup. and inf. articular processes of adjacent vertebrae
99
Facet Joints enclosed by
Enclosed by fibrous joint capsule
100
Facet Joint Orientation in the Upper Cervical
Oriented in transverse plane Movement- rotation
101
Lower Cervical Facet Joint Orientation
Oriented between frontal and transverse planes Movement – lateral flexion and rotation (coupled – at the same time)
102
Facet Joint Orientation Thoracic
Oriented in frontal plane Movement- side bending
103
Facet Joint Orientation Upper Lumbar
Oriented in sagittal plane Movement – flex and extension
104
Facet Joint Lower Lumbar
Oriented between sagittal and frontal planes Movement- F and E and resist and anterior displacement
105
Facet Joint Capsule
Strongest of posterior ligaments Fairly loose (more so in cervical spine) Reinforced ventrally by ligamentum flavum and laterally by intertransverse ligaments
106
Ligaments of Vertebral Arch
Ligamentum flavum Supraspinous ligament Interspinous ligament Nuchal ligament Intertransverse ligaments
107
Ligamentum Flavum Connects
laminae of adj. vert. from C1 to sacrum
108
Ligamentum Flavum is thickcess where​
Thickest in L-spine
109
Ligamentum Flavum is compsoed of
Yellow elastic tissue Accommodates large changes in intralaminar distance during flexion and extension Loses elasticity with age – this can be a problem
110
Intertransverse Ligaments location and movement
Extend between adjacent transverse processes Blend with intertransverse muscles
111
Supraspinous Ligament location
Extends from C7 to sacrum (or L5)
112
Supraspinous Ligament connects to what
Connects tips of SPs
113
Supraspinous Ligament thicker where
Thicker in L-spine, blending with adjacent fascia
114
Interspinous Ligament location
Extends between adjacent SPs from C7-S1
115
Interspinous Ligament thickess where
Thickest in L-spine, fibers having a dorsorostral (diagonal and up) orientation
116
is Interspinous Ligament lacking in any section
Lacking in C-spine
117
Interspinous Ligament composition
Thin, compared to supraspinous ligament
118
Nuchal Ligament location
Extends from C7 to occiput connecting cervical spinous processes
119
Nuchal Ligament 2 parts
Midline raphe and midline fascial septum
120
Midline raphe
for origins of trapezius, splenius capitis and rhomboid minor
121
midline fascial septum
deeper separates semispinalis capitis

Anatomy LE (13 decks)

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