knee

Question 1

Tibial Articular Surface- media and lateral condyles

Answer 1

Medial condyle is concave both direction (larger than the lateral)

Lateral is convex sagittal and convex

Question 2

what effect do the different condyle shapes have

Answer 2

affect the mechanic of the knee

Question 3

3 joints on the knee

Answer 3

Tibiofemoral
Medial and lateral

Patellofemoral

Proximal tibiofibular

Question 4

Function of Patellofemoral Joint

Answer 4

Increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle

Protects the anterior knee

Question 5

how does the Patellofemoral Joint Increases the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle

Answer 5

By having patella, the quads get a better line of pulls to extend the knee, uses less force then if there was no patella

Question 6

Patellofemoral Joint- what type of joint

Answer 6

Modified plane joint

Question 7

what type of bone is the patella

Answer 7

sesamoid bone - lies within the quadriceps tendon

Question 8

where does the patella sit

Answer 8

sits in trochlear groove of femur

Question 9

Open packed position for the Patellofemoral Joint

Answer 9

full extension of the knee

Question 10

in full extension of the knee is the patella touching the femur

Answer 10

patella not touching the femur – superior to the trochlear groove

Question 11

what position do we normally assess a joint

Answer 11

in the open packed position

Question 12

Closed packed position for Patellofemoral Joint

Answer 12

full flexion

Patella fully engaged in the trochlear groove

(test- try to move patella in the knee completely flexed)

Question 13

for the closed packed position of the Patellofemoral Joint is this an are of max congruity

Answer 13

yes - unlike the hip

this is the standard

Question 14

Patellofemoral Motion

Answer 14

In flexion the patella is engaging with the femur – glides down the femur with flexion

Question 15

side to side movement of the patella

Answer 15

There is some side-to-side motion guided by the patella femoral ligaments and the ret

Question 16

Patellofemoral Tracking

Answer 16

how the patella slides in the trochlear groove during motion

the motion of the patella relative to the femur or femoral groove on knee flexion and extension

Question 17

Knee flexion is what degreee of motion in the knee

Answer 17

0

Question 18

in complete knee flexion is the patella touching the femur

Answer 18

no - not at all

Question 19

what happens to the patella as we start to flex the knee

Answer 19

the patella starts to interacting with the trochlear groove of the femur

Question 20

at full flexion what part of the patella is tough the femur

Answer 20

odd facet - smashed in the femur

Question 21

what is the order of patella parts touching the femur during flexion

Answer 21

inferior to superior
distal to proximal

Question 22

size of the contact area no the patella as the knee flexes

Answer 22

Contact area becomes larger as knee is flexed

The bigger area to distributing forces the better the bone is handling those forces

Question 23

what happens to the patella when the quads are contracted

Answer 23

mashes the patella into femur

Quadriceps force creates patellofemoral compression force

Question 24

Magnitude of Quadriceps force on the patella depends on

Answer 24

Magnitude of force changes with knee flexion angle

Question 25

Q- angle

Answer 25

line through ASIS - center of the patella and another line from the tibial tubercle - the center of the patella

Question 26

- Valgus

Answer 26

angle lateral to medially and then down (see above) - Normally have little bit of this – 14 -17 degrees - Bigger in women - Knock knees: the knees are going inward

Question 27

- Varus

Answer 27

bow legged, knees look further apart

Question 28

- The natural valgus creates what

Answer 28

natural lateral pull on the patella

Question 29

q angle and injuries

Answer 29

might be the cause of some injuries

Question 30

Tibiofemoral Joint type of joint

Answer 30

Bicondylar synovial joint

Question 31

Tibiofemoral Joint allows what kind of movement

Answer 31

Allows flex/ext, ER/IR

Question 32

Open-packed position Tibiofemoral Joint

Answer 32

30° flexion Normally accessed at this angle

Question 33

Closed-packed position Tibiofemoral Joint

Answer 33

full extension Most ligamentous lax This is where we have the least amount of rotation- less tib femoral ration that we would in flex position

Question 34

what is a Capsular pattern

Answer 34

a joint-specific pattern of restriction decrease in joint mobility occurs in a pattern

Question 35

when do we look at capsular patterns

Answer 35

to find out If something is capsule is patho the pt should look at lose ROM in predictable pattern If it not a capsule problem we will look at something that is not in the capsule like ligaments or tendons

Question 36

Capsular pattern of tin-femoral joint

Answer 36

flexion > extension restrictions Lose more flex degrees the extension degrees

Question 37

Open Kinetic Chain of Tibiofemoral jt

Answer 37

Tibia moving on femur Concave on convex  roll and glide SAME direction Extension: Anterior roll, anterior glide Flexion: Posterior roll, posterior glide

Question 38

Tibiofemoral jt Closed Kinetic Chain

Answer 38

Femur moving on tibia Convex on concave  roll and glide OPPOSITE directions Extension: Anterior roll, posterior glide Flexion: Posterior roll, anterior glide

Question 39

“Screw Home” Mechanism part of what joint

Answer 39

Tibiofemoral

Question 40

“Screw Home” Mechanism-

Answer 40

There is an observable rotation of the knee during flexion and extension

Question 41

what causes screw home mech

Answer 41

Happens because the medial condyle of the femur is longer(extends more distally) then the lat The lateral finished rolling and gliding and med is not done so it keeps rolling and gliding producing the rotation The medial tibial plateau is larger so the med can keep going when the lat side is done

Question 42

WB screw home

Answer 42

10-15 degrees of lateral tibial rotation at end range extension

Question 43

WB screw home

Answer 43

10-15 degrees of femoral medial rotation at end range extension

Question 44

joint type Proximal Tibiofibular Joint

Answer 44

Plane synovial joint – flat on flat Allows gliding and sliding

Question 45

how much weight can the tibialfemoral and proximities tibia joint bear

Answer 45

tibfib - 1/6 body weight tibfemoral – 5/6 of body

Question 46

pain seen with proximities tbfib joint

Answer 46

knee and ankle pain

Question 47

Fibular Motion Anterior glide

Answer 47

ankle eversion

Question 48

Fibular Motion Posterior glide

Answer 48

Posterior glide accompanies ankle inversion

Question 49

what happens when fibular motion become hypomobile

Answer 49

Can become hypomobile and cause lateral knee pain after ankle sprains Stiff - not moving at well