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Anatomy LE > connective tissue > Flashcards

connective tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

Connective Tissue role

A

Provides supporting framework for all glands, organs and tissues

Protective role

Metabolically active

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2
Q

Fibroblast

A

principal source of the extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) characteristic of these tissues

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3
Q

Types of Connective Tissue

A

Irregular

Regular

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4
Q

Irregular CT arrangements

A

random arrangement of fibers

Dense
Loose
Adipose

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5
Q

Regular CT arrangements

A

ordered arrangement of fibers

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6
Q

Regular Connective Tissue made out of

A

Fibrous tissues - mainly collagen, some elastin

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7
Q

Regular Connective Tissue direction of fibers

A

Direction of fibers related to stress experienced

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8
Q

examples of regular CT

A

Deep fascia, aponeurosis, tendon, ligament

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9
Q

Irregular Dense CT made out of

A

Primarily collagen fibers interweaving in 3 dimensions

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10
Q

example of irregular dense CT

A

Periosteum/Perichondrium

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11
Q

Irregular Loose CT made out of

A

Loosely arranged network of collagen and elastin fibers and cells

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12
Q

Irregular Loose CT purpose

A

Serves to bind parts together and allow mvmt between them

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13
Q

Irregular Loose CT examples

A

Serves to bind parts together and allow mvmt between them

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14
Q

Irregular Adipose CT made out of

A

Adipose cells and elastin

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15
Q

Tendon made out of

A

regular CT

Parallel arrangement of collagen fibers

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16
Q

tendon length

A

Basically unvarying length

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17
Q

Functions of tendon

A

attaches muscle to bone

resists tension

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18
Q

Ligament made out of

A

Spiral or oblique arrangement of collagen fibers usually crossing joint
regular CT

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19
Q

Functions of ligaments

A

Attaches bone to bone

Tough, unyielding, but pliable enough to allow movement

provides joint stability

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20
Q

Aponeurosis made out of

A

Flat white sheets of mainly collagen fibers regularly arranged

Associated with attachments of muscle

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21
Q

Synovial Membrane made out of

A

Loose CT

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22
Q

Synovial Bursae

A

Flattened sacs of synovial membrane supported by dense, irregular CT

Contains a thin film of synovial fluid which acts as a lubricant

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23
Q

Synovial Bursae location

A

Located near joints

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24
Q

Synovial Bursae purpose

A

Allow for freedom of movement between juxtaposing tissues

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25
Subcutaneous Synovial Bursae
Located within superficial fascia where skin must move freely over subcutaneous bony surfaces
26
Subcutaneous Synovial Bursae examples
Prepatellar - In front of the kneecap - allows moment of skin on patella so the skin does no feel stiff Olecranon Calcaneal
27
Subtendinous Synovial Bursae
Located between tendons and bone, tendons and ligaments, or between tendons
28
Tendon Synovial Sheaths
Closed double walled cylinders whose layers are separated by a thin film of synovial fluid
29
what runs through Tendon Synovial Sheaths
Tendon runs through cylinder • It allows​ the tendon to move smooth
30
where are Tendon Synovial Sheaths
Occur where tendons pass under ligamentous bands allowing freedom of movement
31
fetus skeleton
In the fetus, the greater part of the skeleton is cartilage
32
where in adults does cartliage​ remain
In the adult, cartilage persists at articular surfaces of synovial jts, thoracic wall, larynx, trachea, bronchi, nose, ears & base of skull
33
Features of Cartilage
Dense CT with solidified matrix Low vascularity Low metabolic rate Poor regenerative capacity High tensile strength (due to collagen content) Resistance to compressive and shearing forces Some elasticity and resilience (shock absorption)
34
Components of Cartilage cells
chondroblasts chondrocytes
35
Extracellular matrix of cart
Collagen & elastin Ground substance - Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, lipid, non-collagenous protein and electrolytes
36
Chondrocytes
mature chondroblast = not bone Collectively make up the cartilage a cell which has secreted the matrix of cartilage and become embedded in it.
37
Chondroblast
cartilage forming cells secret ECM
38
Nutrition of Cartilage
Cartilage is not completely avascular, but most vascularization is through diffusion Surfaces of cartilage are either coated with perichondrium, abut against bone, or are bathed with synovial fluid
39
types of Growth of Cartilage
Interstitial growth Appositional growth
40
Interstitial growth of Cartilage
Mitotic division of chondroblasts throughout thickness of tissue (occurs in epiphyseal plates)
41
Appositional growth
Proliferation of cells at inner layer of perichondrium
42
In mammals, ability to regenerate cartilage
is low - defects are usually filled with vascularized connective tissue (granulation tissue) When we tear cartilage body, we will fill it in with random stuff
43
Types of Cartilage
Elastic (Yellow) Cartilage White Fibrocartilage Hyaline Cartilage
44
Elastic Cartilage
Contains chondrocytes, but matrix is pervaded by elastin fibers
45
example of Elastic Cartilage
External ear Epiglottis Some of larynx
46
White Fibrocartilage
Dense, white fibrous tissue arranged in bundles with fibroblasts & chondrocytes between the bundles
47
White Fibrocartilage examples
Intervertebral discs Articular discs Labra Menisc
48
Intervertebral Disc properties
White fibrocartilage provides disc with great tensile strength and degree of elasticity
49
Menisci
White fibrocartilage provides menisci with considerable toughness & sufficient elasticity to resist long term effects of pressure and friction
50
Hyaline Cartilage Characteristics
Firm consistency with considerable elasticity Pearly bluish, translucent appearance Little amt of collagen
51
example of Hyaline Cartilage
Articular costal, nasal, some laryngeal, tracheobronchial
52
Articular Cartilage made out of
hyaline cart
53
Articular Cartilage location
articular surfaces of bones, and lies inside the joint cavity of synovial joints
54
Articular Cartilage purpose
Provides smooth wear-resistant surface bathed by synovial fluid Allows for almost friction-free movement Adapted to resist compressive forces generated during weight transmission
55
Elasticity dissipates effect of Articular Cartilage
Elasticity dissipates effect of concussions and provides degree of flexibility, especially at end ranges
56
thickness of the Articular Cartilage
Varies from 1-7 mm from smaller to larger joints
57
concave articular surfaces
Concave surfaces - thinnest at center
58
convex articular surfaces
Convex surfaces - thickest at center
59
Thickness of Articular Cartilage with age
Decreases progressively from maturity to old age Degenerating cells may be found in all layers, especially superficial layers
60
Articular Cartilage and perichondrium
Articular cartilage is not covered by perichondrium
61
Nutrition of Articular Cartilage
Vessels of synovial membrane Synovial fluid Hypochondral blood vessels of underlying marrow cavity
62
tear in the art cart
not going to heal due to lack of vascular

Anatomy LE (13 decks)

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