Anterior aspect of the forearm and the cubital fossa

Question 1

What are the superficial veins of the forearm?

Answer 1

Cephalic vein, Basilic vein, Median cubital vein and Median vein of forearm.

Question 2

Vein in red

Answer 2

Cephalic vein

Question 3

Part above middle branch

Answer 3

Brachial cephalic vein

Question 4

Part below middle branch

Answer 4

Antebrachial cephalic vein

Question 5

Where does the cephalic vein begin and end?

Answer 5

Begins at the dorsum of the hand (drains venous blood) and
Continues on the radial side.
Passes the deltopectoral groove
Drains into the axillary vein (armpit)

Question 6

What is the clinical importance of the superficial veins of the forearm?

Answer 6

Intravenous injections

Question 7

Answer 7

Deltopectoral groove (between deltoid muscle and pectoralis major)

Question 8

Vein in red

Answer 8

Basilic vein

Question 9

Part above middle branch

Answer 9

Brachial basilic vein

Question 10

Part below middle branch

Answer 10

Antebrachial basilic vein

Question 11

Where does the basilic vein begin and end?

Answer 11

Begin: dorsum of the hand
Runs on the ulnar side
The brachial vein continues at the axillary vein contrasting the cephalic vein that drains into the axillary vein

Question 12

Green highlighter

Answer 12

Median cubital vein

Question 13

Green highlighter

Answer 13

Median vein of forearm

Question 14

What does the median cubital vein branch from?

Answer 14

Branches from the cephalic vein and joins the basilic vein

Question 15

What is the function of the median vein of the forearm?

Answer 15

Drains the venous blood of the palm surface of the hand and usually drains into the median cubital vein.

Question 16

What is the exception for drainage of the median vein of the forearm?

Answer 16

Sometimes it divides into 2 branches and drains into the cephalic or basilic veins.

Question 17

What do the cephalic and basilic veins drain?

Answer 17

Drain venous blood from the dorsal surface of the hand.

Question 18

What is the fascia of the forearm?

Answer 18

Antebrachial fascia

Question 19

What is the fascia of the arm?

Answer 19

Brachial fascia

Question 20

What is a fascia?

Answer 20

Connective tissue

Question 21

What are the functions of the fascia of upper arm?

Answer 21

Provides sheath for muscles (can seperate 1 group of muscle to another)
Provides septa (division) between muscles
Provides attachments for muscles
Attachment of olecranon to the posterior border of the ulna.

Question 22

Thickening of fascia

Answer 22

Flexor Retinaculum (anteriorly forms band)(all muscles within flex)

Question 23

Thickening of fascia

Answer 23

Extensor Retinaculum (posteriorly forms band) (all muscles within extend)

Question 24

Whats the function of the flexor and extensor retinaculum?

Answer 24

Holds the muscle tendons and increases the effect of the muscle

Question 25

What are the 3 compartments of the muscles of the anterior forearm?

Answer 25

Superficial, middle and deep compartment?

Question 26

Which muscles are in the superficial compartment of the anterior forearm?

Answer 26

Pronator teres muscle Flexor carpi radialis muscle Palmaris longus muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Question 27

Which muscles are in the middle compartment of the anterior forearm?

Answer 27

Flexor digitorum (finger) superficialis (superficial)

Question 28

Which muscles are in the deep compartment of the anterior forearm?

Answer 28

Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor policis(thumb) longus Pronotor (pronator) quadratus

Question 29

Answer 29

Superficial compartment

Question 30

Answer 30

Pronator teres muscle

Question 31

What's the origin of the pronator teres muscle?

Answer 31

Humeral head → upper part of medial epicondyle, CFT, antebrachial fascia Ulnar head →medial border of coronoid proc.

Question 32

What's the insertion of the pronator teres muscle?

Answer 32

Anterior surface of radius (passes the elbow joint)

Question 33

What's the function of the pronator teres muscle?

Answer 33

Pronation (palm faces downward)(medial rotation) , weak flexion of forearm

Question 34

What's the nerve passing through the pronator teres muscle?

Answer 34

Median nerve

Question 35

Answer 35

Flexor carpi(wrist) radialis muscle

Question 36

What's the origin of the Flexor carpi radialis muscle?

Answer 36

medial epicondyle, CFT (common flexor tendon), antebrachial fascia

Question 37

What's the insertion of the Flexor carpi radialis muscle?

Answer 37

Base of 2nd metacarpal

Question 38

What's the function of the Flexor carpi radialis muscle?

Answer 38

Flexion and abduction of the wrist. Weak flexor of the elbow

Question 39

What's the nerve passing through the Flexor carpi radialis muscle?

Answer 39

Median nerve

Question 40

Answer 40

Palmaris longus muscle (can be absent in some people)

Question 41

What's the origin of the Palmaris longus muscle?

Answer 41

medial epicondyle, antebrachial fascia

Question 42

Question 43

What's the insertion of the Palmaris longus muscle?

Answer 43

Flexor retinaculum, palmar aponeurosis( dense connective tissue beneath skin)

Question 44

What's the function of the Palmaris longus muscle?

Answer 44

Flexion of the wrist and stretches the palmar aponeurosis

Question 45

What nerve passes through the Palmaris longus muscle?

Answer 45

Median nerve

Question 46

What muscles does the median nerve pass through?

Answer 46

Pronator teres muscle, Flexor carpi radialis muscle, Palmaris longus muscle, Flexor digitorum superficialis, Lateral Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor policis longus, and pronator quadratus muscle.

Question 47

Name the 2 muscles

Answer 47

Left: Flexor carpi radialis muscle Right: Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Question 48

What's the origin of the Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

Answer 48

humeral head → medial epicondyle Ulnar head → medial border of ulna, olecranon

Question 49

What's the insertion of the Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

Answer 49

Pisiform, 5th metacarpal bone

Question 50

What's the function of the Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

Answer 50

Flexion and adduction of the wrist(Lateral rotation)

Question 51

What nerve passes through the Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle?

Answer 51

Ulnar nerve

Question 52

Name the 2 muscles

Answer 52

Left: Flexor policis longus Right: Flexor digitorum superficilalis

Question 53

What's the origin of the Flexor digitorum superficilalis?

Answer 53

humeroulnar head → medial epicondyle, CFT (common flexor tendon), anterior surface of ulnar colateral ligament Radial head → anterior surface of radius

Question 54

What is the common flexor tendon?

Answer 54

Extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus

Question 55

What's the insertion of the Flexor digitorum superficilalis?

Answer 55

sides of the medial 4 middle phalanx

Question 56

What's the function of the Flexor digitorum superficilalis?

Answer 56

Flexion of the proximal phalanx

Question 57

What's the nerve passing through the Flexor digitorum superficilalis?

Answer 57

Median nerve

Question 58

Name the 2 muscles.

Answer 58

Left: Flexor policis longus Right: Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 59

What's the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 59

anterior and medial surface of ulna, interosseus membrane

Question 60

What's the insertion of the Flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 60

base of the medial 4 distal phalanx

Question 61

What's the function of the Flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 61

Flexion of the distal phalanx, flexion of wrist and metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 62

What's the nerve passing the Flexor digitorum profundus?

Answer 62

Lateral →Median nerve Medial → Ulnar nerve

Question 63

What's the origin of Flexor policis longus?

Answer 63

interosseus membrane, anterior surface of radius

Question 64

What's the insertion of the Flexor policis longus?

Answer 64

base of the distal phalanx of thumb

Question 65

What's the function of the Flexor policis longus?

Answer 65

Flexion of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Question 66

What's the nerve passing the Flexor policis longus?

Answer 66

Median nerve

Question 67

Answer 67

Pronator quadratus muscle

Question 68

What is the origin of the Pronator quadratus muscle?

Answer 68

Lower part of the ulna

Question 69

What's the insertion of the Pronator quadratus muscle?

Answer 69

Lower part of the radius

Question 70

What's the function of the Pronator quadratus muscle?

Answer 70

Pronates the forearm

Question 71

What's the nerve passing through the Pronator quadratus muscle?

Answer 71

Median nerve

Question 72

What's the difference between brevis and longus?

Answer 72

Brevis: proximal phalanx Longus: distal phalanx (long can reach)

Question 73

Question 74

What is the cubital fossa?

Answer 74

Triangular fossa in front of the elbow joint

Question 75

Answer 75

Cubital fossa

Question 76

What's the medial border of the cubital fossa?

Answer 76

pronator teres

Question 77

What's the lateral border of the cubital fossa?

Answer 77

Brachioradialis muscle

Question 78

What's the base of the cubital fossa?

Answer 78

Line passing through the epicondyle

Question 79

What's the apex of the cubital fossa?

Answer 79

Where the lateral and medial border meet.

Question 80

What's the floor of the cubital fossa?

Answer 80

Supinator and brachialis muscle

Question 81

What's the content of the cubital fossa?

Answer 81

Median nerve, Brachial artery, and Tendon of the biceps brachii muscle

Question 82

What arteries intervene( supply) each other?

Answer 82

Ulnar artery→ Common interosseous artery → Anterior and Posterior interosseous artery

Question 83

What nerves intervene( supply) each other?

Answer 83

Median nerve→ Anterior interosseous nerve

Question 84

What type of nerve is the median nerve?

Answer 84

Mixed nerve (sensory fibers-hand muscles and motor fibers-forearm region)

Question 85

What type of nerve is the Ulnar nerve?

Answer 85

Mixed nerve (sensory fibers and motor fibers

Question 86

What is the location of the Ulnar nerve?

Answer 86

Behind the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Question 87

What 2 muscles does the Median nerve not pass through?

Answer 87

Flexor carpi ulnaris Ulnar/medial side of Flexor digitorum profundus