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Anatomy > Posterior aspect of the thigh and the popliteal fossa > Flashcards

Posterior aspect of the thigh and the popliteal fossa Flashcards

(56 cards)

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1
Q

Cutaneous Nerves of Posterior Thigh

A

Blue: Obturator nerve
Yellow: Medial femoral cutaneous nerve ( branch of femoral n)
Green: Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
Pink: Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

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2
Q

Hamstring-ischiocrural muscles

A

Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus

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3
Q
A
  1. Semitendinosus (half tendon)
  2. Bicep femoris
  3. Semimembranosus (half membrane)
  4. Gracilis
  5. Short head of bicep
  6. Bicep femoris (long head)
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4
Q

Hamstring avulsion.
What is it?
Cause?
How is it fixed?
Result?

A

When the hamstring muscle tendons are pulled powerfully from the ischial tuberosity (sometimes bone is pulled too with tendon or ligament).
- caused by a sudden contraction of hamstring muscle during exercise.
-requires surgery to reattach torn tendon to ischium.
- results in hematoma (blood clot in organ or tissue etc)

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5
Q

Semitendinosus muscle origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

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6
Q

Semitendinosus muscle insertion

A

Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle (via pes anserinus)

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7
Q

Semitendinosus muscle nerve

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve

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8
Q

Pes anserinus muscles (say grace before tea)

A
  • Sartorius (Femoral nerve)
  • Gracilis (Obturator nerve)
  • Semitendinosus (Tibila division of sciatic n)
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9
Q

Semitendinosus muscle function

A

Hip joint: thigh extension
Knee joint: Leg flexion

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10
Q

HAMSTRING GRAFT FOR ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL)REPAIR

A

The graft is taken from the hamstring tendon (semitendinosus) along inside of thigh and knee.
- small incision over hamstring tendon and graft is prepared from 2 tendons that are stripped off the muscle.
- Torn ACL removed and replaced.

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11
Q

Biceps femoris muscle origin

A

Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Short head: Lateral lip of linea aspera (same as vastus lateralis)

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12
Q

Biceps femoris muscle insertion

A

Fibular head (laterally) (Fibularis longus origin)

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13
Q

Biceps femoris muscle function

A

Hip joint: Thigh extension
Knee joint: Leg flexion

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14
Q

Biceps femoris muscle innervation

A

Long head: Tibial divison of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)
Short head: Common fibular divison of sciatic nerve. (L5-S2)

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15
Q
A

Right: Short head of bicep femoris m- linea aspera
Left: Long head of bicep femoris m - from ischial tuberosity

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16
Q

2 branches of sciatic nerve (YELLOW)

A

Common fibular nerve (right)
Tibial nerve (left)

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17
Q

Semimembranosus muscle origin

A

Ischial tuberosity

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18
Q

Semimembranosus muscle insertion

A

Medial condyle of tibia and forms oblique popliteal ligament

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19
Q

Semimembranosus muscle function

A

Hip joint: thigh extension
Knee joint: flexion and internal leg rotation

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20
Q

Semimembranosus muscle nerve

A

Tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

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21
Q
A

Adductor magnus
Vastus lateralis
Semitendinosus
Bicep femoris
Semimembranosus

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22
Q

What are the muscles of posterior aspect of thigh

A

Hamstring m
Ischiocrural m

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23
Q

Muscles of posterior aspect of the thigh innervated by which nerve?

Study These Flashcards
A

Tibial nerve except short head of bicep femoris

24
Q

Function muscles of posterior aspect of the thigh

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A

extension of hip and flexion of knee

25
Boundaries of popliteal fossa
Pink (medial): Semimembranosus Green (lateral): Bicep femoris Brown: Medial head of gastrocnemius Orange: Lateral head of gastrocnemius Blue: Plantaris
25
Boundaries of popliteal fossa (4 borders)
Pink (Superomedial): Semimembranosus Green (Superolateral): Long head of Bicep femoris Brown(Inferomedial): Medial head of gastrocnemius Orange (Inferolateral): Lateral head of gastrocnemius Blue (Inferolateral): Plantaris
26
Popliteal fossa
Diamond shaped depression posterior to knee joint. - important n and v pass from thigh to leg through this fossa.
27
Floor of popliteal fossa (ant wall)
Tibia Femur (popliteal surface) Oblique popliteal ligament Popliteus muscle and its own fascia
28
Right: Popliteal surface Up left: Oblique popliteal ligament Down left: Popliteus muscle
29
Roof of popliteal fossa (posterior wall)
Popliteal fascia and skin Popliteal fascia is continues with fascia lata( leg)
30
Superficial layer of popliteal fascia
Fat Small saphaneous vein Cutaneous nerve
31
Deep layer of popliteal fascia
Strong, dense sheet Protects neurovascular structures Difficult to take pulse
32
Popliteal artery and its branches
Anterior tibial artery (medially) Posterior tibial artery (laterally)
33
Popliteal artery is a continuation of
Femoral artery
34
How does popliteal artery enter popliteal fossa?
Passing under semimembranosus muscle
35
Popliteal artery location
between adductor hiatus and poplitieus muscle runs close to articular capsule of knee joint
36
What arteries does the popliteal artery branch to form
Superior medial genicular a Superior lateral genicular a Middle genicular a Inferior medial genicular a Inferior lateral genicular a
37
1. Descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery 2. Lateral superior genicular a 3. Lateral inferior genicular a 4. Circumflex fibular a 5. Descending genicular artery 6. Medial superior genicular a 7. Medial inferior genicular a
38
What will be damaged if femur is fractured?
Popliteal artery
39
Popliteal vein is continuation of
posterior tibial vein
40
Popliteal vein path
Posterior tibial vein--> Popliteal vein--> Superifical to popliteal artery--> Femoral vein (exits fossa superiorly and passes adductor hiatus)--> takes saphenous vein.
41
Where is popliteal vein formed?
Distal border of popliteus muscle (union of anterior and posterior tibial veins)
42
Brown: Lateral sural cutaneous nerve Green: Superficial femoral nerve Red: Sural nerve via lateral dorsal cutaneous branch Yellow: Deep femoral nerve
43
How is sural nerve formed?
Union of: Medial sural cutaneous nerve (branch of tibial nerve) Ledial sural cutaneous nerve (branch of common fibular nerve)
44
What does the sural nerve (S1,S2) supply?
Lateral side of leg and ankle
45
Sural nerve biopsy
An incision is made, and the lesser saphenous vein is identified. The vein is then retracted superficially to expose the sural nerve. Lateral malleolus is the landmark
46
Sural nerve biopsy results
Sensory deficit no motor deficits
47
Sural nerve biopsy makes you liable to
To be affected by neuropathy since its a distal branch of a long nerve.
48
Lymph nodes in popliteal fossa number
6-8
49
Lymph nodes in popliteal fossa 2 main groups
Superficial popliteal Deep popliteal
50
Superficial popliteal lymph nodes
lie within subcutaneous tissue -receive lymph from lymphatic vessels accompanying short saphenous vein. - Small, in popliteal fat
51
Deep popliteal lymph nodes
-surround popliteal vessels -recieve lymph from superficial popliteal lymph nodes as well as leg and foot. -lymph drains into deep inguinal lymph nodes. -recieve lymph from knee joint and lymphatic vessels.
52
Content of popliteal fossa (medially to laterally) (8)
Popliteal artery Popliteal vein Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve End branch of posterior femoral cutaneous nerve Articular branch of obturator nerve Popliteus bursa Fat
53
1. Popliteal a and v 2. Tibial nerve 3. Common fibular nerve both branches of sciatic nerve 4. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve 5. Articular branch of obtuator nerve
54
Sciatic nerve pathway
Tibial nerve--> Medial sural cut. nerve Common fibular nerve--> Lateral sural cut. nerve. Between lat and medial--> communicating branch of sural nerve Both form the sural nerve
55
Baker's cyst
Synovial membrane of knee joint sometimes makes continuation with popliteal fossa called popliteal bursa. If the knee joint swells the synovial fluid passes the popliteus bursa and can be seen as swelling behind the knee (Baker's cyst) If it remains can compress nerve.

Anatomy (17 decks)

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