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Anatomy > Anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot > Flashcards

Anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Medial aspect of the leg to thigh

A

Right: Small saphenous vein
Left: Great saphenous vein

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2
Q

Clinical importance of saphenous veins

A

Coronary bypass surgery

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3
Q

Where does small saphenous vein terminate?

A

Popliteal area (lateral part of the leg)

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4
Q

Latin for leg

A

Sura

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5
Q

Both saphenous veins start from

A

Dorsal venous arch (located on dorsum of the foot)

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6
Q

Where does great saphenous vein pass?

A

Medial side found 1cm anterior to medial malellous

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7
Q

Where does the small saphenous vein pass

A

Lateral side posterior to lateral malelleous

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8
Q

Clinical importance of great saphenous vein when other veins are hard to find

A

Can insert catheter and give fluid to patient

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9
Q

Behind great saphenous vein

A

saphenous nerve

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10
Q
A

Green: saphenous nerve
Orange: sural nerve
(both sensory nerves)

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11
Q

Sural nerve and saphenous nerve can be removed to replace another motor nerve?

A

Suralnervegraft

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12
Q

Deep veins in leg

A

Anterior tibial vein and posterior tibial vein

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13
Q
A

Perforating veins

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14
Q

Perforating veins importance

A

Protect the superficial system (blood cant go back after going to deep system)

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15
Q

What happens if blood goes back to superficial veins (perforating veins not functioning)

A

Varicose vein
Varices
Superficial veins swell up
Deep veins are compressed by muscles and muscles push the blood up
Aesthetically bad

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16
Q

Blood clot formation in the deep veins

A

Deep vein thrombosis
Dangerous because can go to heart

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17
Q

How can vein varicose be removed

A

Laser ablation

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18
Q
A

Brown: Lateral cutaneous nerve of leg
Green: Superficial fibular nerve (old name: peroneal nerve)
Yellow: Deep fibular nerve
Red: Sural nerve via lateral dorsal cutaneous branch
Uncolored: Saphaneous nerve (branch of femoral nerve)
All are branches of the common fibular nerve (brown, green, yellow)

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19
Q
A

Up right: Dosiflexion
Up left: Plantarflexion
Down right: Inversion
Down left: Eversion

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20
Q
A

Anterior Intermuscular septum

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21
Q

Anterior compartment function and nerve

A

Extension, Deep fibular nerve

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22
Q

Posterior compartment function and nerve

A

Flexion, Tibial nerve

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23
Q

Importance of compartents

A

Compartments have a limited volume (cover muscles- have artery and nerve) if there is fluid collection eg. blood then the pressure in compartment will increase and compress the nerve.
Leg swells uo

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24
Q

How to decrease the pressure in the compartments

A

Cut the deep fascia and decrease pressure and treat pathology (Fasciotomy)

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25
Deep fascia of the leg
Fascia crural
26
Blue: Superior extensor retinacula Red: Inferior extensor retinacula Orange: Superior fibular retinacula Green: Inferior fibular retinacula
27
Anterior compartment muscles
4 muscles
28
All anterior compartment muscles are innervated by which nerve
Deep fibular nerve
29
All lateral compartment muscles are innervated by which nerve
Superficial fibular nerve
30
All posterior compartment muscles are innervated by which nerve
Tibial nerve
31
Tibialis anterior muscle
32
Tibialis anterior muscle origin
Lat condyle & upper half of lat surface of tibia, interosseous membrane
33
Tibialis anterior muscle insertion
Medial cuneiform & 1st metatarsal b
34
Tibialis anterior muscle function
Extensor & primary invertor of foot
35
All muscles in the anterior compartment have part of their origin in
Interosseous membrane
36
Deep fibular nerve Medial artery: Anterior tibilar artery
37
Extensor hallucis( 1st finger) longus muscle
38
Extensor hallucis( 1st finger) longus muscle origin
Middle 1/3 of medial surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
39
Extensor hallucis( 1st finger) longus muscle insertion
Base of distal phalanx of hallux
40
Extensor hallucis( 1st finger) longus muscle function
Extension of hallux & foot, inversion of foot
41
Dorsalis pedis (can take pulse) Dorsal artery of the foot
42
Extensor digitorum longus muscle
43
Extensor digitorum longus muscle origin
Lat condyle of tibia, upper 3/4 medial surface of fibula, interosseous memb
44
Extensor digitorum longus muscle insertion
Dorsalis aponeurosis 2-5
45
Extensor digitorum longus muscle function
Extension to fingers 2-5 & foot
46
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle
47
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle origin
Lower 1/3 medial surface of fibula, interosseous memb
48
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle insetion
Base of 5th metatarsal b
49
Fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscle function
Extension and eversion of the foot
50
Anterior leg muscles
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Fibularis tertius Extensor hallucis longus
51
Lateral leg muscles
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis
52
Fibularis longus muscle
53
Fibularis longus muscle origin
Head & upper 2/3 lateral surface of fibula, ant & post intermuscular septa
54
Fibularis longus muscle insertion
Medial cuneiform b & 1st metatarsal b
55
Fibularis longus muscle function
Flexor & primary  eversior of foot, supports transverse arch of foot
56
Fibularis brevis muscle (more anterior)
57
Fibularis brevis muscle origin
Lower 2/3 lateral surface of fibula, ant & post intermuscular septa
58
Fibularis brevis muscle insertion
Base of fifth metatarsal (avulsion fracture)
59
Fibularis brevis muscle function
Flexion & evertor of foot
60
What muscle touches the lateral mallelous
Fibularis brevis muscle
61
Fibularis brevis is so strong that it can pull the bone and cause Avulsion fracture. Os peroneum is different (from birth no pain)
62
Muscles of dorsum of the foot
Extensor digitorum brevis (doesnt go to 5th finger) Extensor hallucis brevis
63
Green: Extensor digitorum brevis Blue: Extensor hallucis brevis
64
Extensor digitorum brevis and Extensor hallucis brevis origin
Upper part of calcaneus
65
Extensor digitorum brevis and Extensor hallucis brevis insertion
Dorsal hood
66
Extensor digitorum brevis and Extensor hallucis brevis nerve
Deep fibular nerve
67
Extensor digitorum brevis contusion and hematoma Tendons can easily be cut by trauma, muscle function lost
68
Branches of anterior tibial artery
Muscular branches Circumflex fibular a Anterior recurrent tibial a Posterior recurrent tibial a Anterior lat. malleolar a. Anterior med. Malleolar a Dorsalis pedis a 
69
Know all label in picture
1. Popliteal a 2. Circumflex fibular a (around fibula) 3. Anterior tibial recurrent a 4. Posterior tibial a
70
High Tibial Osteotomy 
71
High Tibial Osteotomy 
As the anterior tibial artery passes medial to the fibular neck, it becomes vulnerable to damage during a tibial osteotomy. High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical procedure that is performed to correct angular deformities of the knee 
72
Superficial fibular nerve innervates muscles where
Lateral compartment (fibularis longus and brevis) main function
73
fibularis longus and brevis main function:eversion if the superficial fibular nerve is damaged inversion muscles dominate and foot will be in the Varus position.
74
Where does the superficial fibular muscle become superficial
Between fibularis longus and brevis-- becomes cutaneous(sensory and motor fibers)
75
Box: Perneous longus Green: Lateral cutaneous branch of superficial fibular nerve Red: Medial cutaneous branch of superficial fibular nerve
76
Deep fibular nerve location
Next to anterior tibular artery
77
Anterior tibular artery
78
What happens if deep fibular nerve is damaged?
Anterior comp. muscles cant function (main func extension)-- opp will occur which is drop foot. Tibialis anterior won't function (inversion) eversion will occur. Talipes eqino-valgus (x)
79
Talipes eqino-valgus (x)
80
Superficial fibular nerve block. Giving anesthetic- distal part of nerve will be functionless
81
Branches of common fibular nerve
Superficial and deep fibular nerve
82
Where does the common fibular nerve rotate
Around head of fibula (palpable)
83
Most commonly injured peripheral nerve
Common fibular nerve
84
Talipes equinus foot drop (deep nerve is also cut) no varus and valgus-- evertors are gone(fibularis muscles) and primary invertors (tibalis anterior)
85
Green: Common fibular nerve Blue: Deep fibular nerve Yellow: Superficial fibular nerve

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