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Anatomy > Posterior leg and sole of the foot > Flashcards

Posterior leg and sole of the foot Flashcards

(110 cards)

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1
Q
A

Up: Dorsum of the foot (bridge)
Down: Plantar surface of the foot (sole)

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2
Q
A

Ball of the foot

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3
Q
A

Heel of the foot

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4
Q
A
  1. Common fibular nerve via lateral sural cutaneous nerve
  2. Superficial peroneal nerve
  3. Medial sural cutaneous nerve (from sciatic nerve)
  4. Sural nerve (from sciatic nerve)
  5. Tibial nerve via medial calcaneal branches
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5
Q
A

Green: Medial cutaneous branches from tibial nerve
Red: Sural nerve
Yellow: Lateral plantar nerve from tibial nerve
Pink: Medial plantar nerve
Blue: Saphenous nerve

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6
Q
A

Positive Babiski reflex is a sign of upper motor neuron disease.
Draw a line on the foot
We expect flexion of the foot if it extends

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7
Q

2 fascias of the foot

A

Superficial and deep fascia

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8
Q

Superficial fascia of the foot

A

On the plantar surface fat pads act as shock absorber

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9
Q

Deep fascia of the foot

A
  • On dorsum of the foot a thin deep fascia.
  • On plantar side- Plantar fascia (thick deep fascia).
  • Mid thickening of plantar fascia (plantar aponeurosis).
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10
Q
A

Right: Plantar aponeurosis (ligament strong structure)
Left: Plantar fascia

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11
Q

What happens if the plantar aponeurosis gets inflamed

A

Plantar fasciitis

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12
Q
A

Calcaneal spur (point where plantar aponeurosis attaches and calcification occurs at attachment)
It is the result of an inflmmation

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13
Q

Calcaneal spur treatment

A

Relax plantar fascia by stretching exercises and ice

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14
Q

Is there a superficial fascia in dorsum of the foot?

A

No

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15
Q

Posterior Superficialis muscles

A

Triceps surae

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16
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle origin

A

2 heads
Lateral and medial condyles of femur

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17
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle insertion

A

Calcaneal tendon (Achilles)

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18
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle function

A

Flexion of foot and leg (esp running)

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19
Q
A
  1. Medial head
  2. Lateral head (proximal) of Gastrocnemius m
  3. Distal part of Gastrocnemius m
  4. All 3 muscles form strongest tendon in the body (Calcaneal tendon)
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20
Q
A

Medial head tear of Gastrocnemius muscle

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21
Q
A

Fabella (lateral head calcification proximal to origin)
- a small sesamoid bone found in some mammals embedded in the tendon of lateral head of gastrocnemius.

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22
Q
A
  1. Neuromuscular bundle
  2. Soleus muscle (anterior to Gastrocnemius)
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23
Q

Soleus muscle origin

A

Soleal line of tibia (perforated by v-a-n), upper part of fibula

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24
Q

Soleus muscle insertion

A

Calcaneal tendon

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25
Soleus muscle function
Flexion of foot (esp walking)
26
Achilles tendon injury and repair (weakens by age)
27
Plantaris muscle (between Soleus and Gastrocnemius)
28
Plantaris muscle origin
Lateral condyle of femur
29
Plantaris muscle insertion
Medial part of calcaneal tendon
30
Plantaris muscle function
Flexion of foot and leg
31
What is the clinical importance of Plantaris muscle?
Has a long tendon on medial side and is used if tendon needed in body
32
4 muscles in Posterior Deep Group
Popliteus muscle Flexor digitorum longus muscle Flexor hallucis longus muscle Tibalis posterior muscle
33
Orange: Popliteus muscle Red: Tibialis posterior muscle Green: Flexor digitorum longus Blue: Flexor hallucis longus
34
A?
Arcuate popliteal ligament
35
Popliteus muscle origin
Lateral condyle of femur and arcuate popliteal ligament
36
Popliteus muscle insertion
Posterior surface of tibia above soleal line
37
Popliteus muscle function
Flexion and medial rotation of leg (unlocking of knee)
38
Only muscle that doesnt attach to foot
Popliteus muscle only passes inside the knee joint cavity
39
Flexor digitorum longus muscle origin
Posterior surface of tibia below soleal line
40
Flexor digitorum longus muscle insertion
Passing from malleolar groove to bases of distal phalanges 2-5
41
Flexor digitorum longus muscle function
Flexes toes 2-5 and foot, inverses foot, makes origin for lumbricals
42
Main invertors
Tibilais anterior and Tibialis posterior
43
Flexor hallucis longus muscle origin
Lower part of posterior surface of fibula
44
Flexor hallucis longus muscle insertion
Base of distal phalax of hallux
45
Flexor hallucis longus muscle function
Flexion of hallux and foot. Supports medial longitudinal arch of foot.
46
Tibalis posterior muscle origin
Lateral part of posterior surface of tibia below soleal line, posterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
47
Tibalis posterior muscle insertion
Sustentaculum tali, tuberosity of navicular bone, talus, cuneiform bone, cuboid bone and metatarsal bone (2-4)
48
Tibalis posterior muscle function
Plantar flexion and powerful inversion of foot
49
Tibialis posterior dysfunction
50
1. Flexor digitorum longus (crosses all other muscles) 2. Tibialis posterior 3. Calcanus 4. Flexor hallucis longus
51
Under flexor retinaculum order of structures (front to back)
Tibialis posterior (most anterior) Flexor digitorium Flexor hallucis longus
52
Tarsal tunnel syndrome muscles
Tom- Tibalis anterior Dick- Flexor digitorum longus Harry- Flexor hallucis longus
53
Origin of flexor digitorum longus m Origin of flexor hallucis longus
54
55
Superficial posterior leg muscles
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris
56
Deep posterior leg muscles
Popliteus Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus Tibialis posterior
57
1. Fibular a 2. Calcaneal branches 3. Medial malleolar a
58
Where does the posterior tibial a come from
Popliteal artery
59
What does the fibular artery pass and course with
Passes the lateral compartment and courses with superficial fibular nerve
60
61
Nutrient artery of tibia courses into which artery?
Lateral and medial plantar artery (terminal artery)
62
Nutrient artery of tibia courses into which artery?
Lateral and medial plantar artery (terminal artery)
63
At the midpoint of flexor retinaculum you can take the pulse of the posterior tibial artery
64
What does th anterior tibial a course into
Dorsalis pedis
65
What are the branches of the fibular artery
Muscular branches (fibularis longus brevis) Nutrient artery to fibula Perforating branch Communicating branch Lateral malleolar branch Calcaneal branch (termination point)
66
1. Nutrient artery to fibula 2. Communicating branch to posterior tibial artery 3. Calcaneal branch
67
Up right: Dorsiflexion Up left: Plantarflexion Down right: Inversion Down left: Eversion
68
Ankle Dorsiflexion muscles
Tibialis anterior Extensor hallucis longus
69
Ankle Plantarflexion muscles
Gastrocnemius Soleus
70
Ankle inversion muscles
Tibialis anterior and posterior
71
Ankle Eversion muscles
Fibularis longus and brevis
72
1st layer
Yellow- Abductor hallucis Green- Plantar aponeurosis Red- Flexor digitorum brevis Blue- Abductor digiti minimi pedis
73
2nd layer
Up left: Long plantar ligament Blue: Quadratus Plantae Yellow: Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus Red: Lumbricals
74
Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus insertion for and origin along with function
Origin for lumbricals, insertion for the quadratus plantae and flex the fingers
75
Quadratus plantae function
corrects the angulation for flexor digitorum longus
76
3rd layer
Yellow: Flexor hallucis brevis Red up: Adductor hallucis oblique head Red horizontal: Adductor hallucis transverse head Blue: Flexor digiti minimi brevis
77
Whats the function of the 4th interosseous layer
Abduction
78
Plantar interosseous muscle function
Pad (Adduction)
79
Dorsal interosseous muscle function
Dab (Abduction) except the middle toe
80
Extrinsic muscles of the foot all leg muscles except
Popliteus
81
Intrinsic muscles of the foot dorsal side
Extensor digitorum brevis and Extensor hallucis brevis
82
Innervation of Extensor digitorum brevis and Extensor hallucis brevis
Deep fibular nerve
83
Intrinsic muscles of the foot plantar side
1st layer: Abductor hallucis, Flexor digitorum brevis and Abductor digiti minimi 2nd layer: Quadratus Plantae and Lumbricals 3rd layer: Flexor hallucis brevis, Adductor hallucis and Flexor digiti minimi brevis 4th layer: Interossei
84
If you cut tibial nerve which muscles are paralized?
All extrinsic muscles of the foot
85
1. Lateral plantar a 2. Lateral plantar n 3. Medial plantar a and n Between 1st and 2nd layer of sole muscles Arteries- branches of posterior tibial a Nerves- branches of posterior tibial n
86
1. Medial proper plantar digital a 2. Plantar digital a 3. Superficial branch 4. Deep branch 5. Plantar arch
87
Deep branch contributes to
2nd and 3rd plantar metatarsal a
88
Superficial branch becomes
Medial proper plantar digital a
89
Digital branch contributes to
1st plantar metatarsal a
90
What forms the plantar arch
Lateral plantar a
91
Which layers is the plantar arch between?
3rd and 4th layers
92
Dorsal artery of the foot branches Up to down
Lateral and medial tarsal a Arcuate a Deep plantar a (joins plantar arch) 1st dorsal metatarsal a
93
Up to down
Posterior perforating branches Plantar arch Deep plantar a Anterior perforating branches
94
Lateral lymphatics of the foot
Popliteal lymph nodes which becomes deep inguinal lymph nodes
95
Medial lymphatics of the foot
Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
96
Clinical importance of Superficial inguinal lymph nodes
LAP or lymph adenopathy enlargement of lymph nodes if palpated
97
Flatfoot- abnormal as the sole doesnt touch floor by all surface both ball and heel touch floor
98
Babies are born with a flat foot and at about 10 years the arch appears
99
Blue: Anterior transverse arch Red: Lateral longitudinal arch Green: Medial longitudinal arch
100
What arranges to form the arches of the foot
Tarsal and metatarsal bones
101
The function of the arches of the foot
Shock absorber Increases weight bearing capacity Spreads the weight in all directions
102
What forms the lateral longitudinal arch
Calcaneus, cuboid and lateral 2 metatarsals
103
What forms the medial longitudinal arch (highest arch)
All tarsal bones except cuboid and three medial metatarsals
104
What forms the Transverse plantar arch
Cuboid, cuneiforms, base of metatarsals
105
Arches are also supported by
Ligaments
106
What supports the Medial longitudinal arch
Tibialis anterior and posterior, Flexor hallucis longus, spring ligament (calcaneonaviculare plantare) and plantar aponeurosis
107
What supports the Lateral longitudinal arch
Short and long plantar ligament Plantar aponeurosis
108
What supports the Transverse longitudinal arch
Fibularis longus muscle and Tibialis posterior
109
Palpations
110
What happens if you compress the common peroneal nerve
Fibularis longus and brevis will be paralyzed

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