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Neuroscience and Head and Neck Anatomy > Anterior Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Neck Flashcards

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What is CN 6?

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CN VI is the Abducens nerve. It innervates the lateral rectus muscle of the eye

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What does CN 1 do?

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CN I is the olfactory nerve. It relays the special sense of smell from sensory cells perforating the cribriform plate to the ipsilateral olfactory bulb. The olfactory tract then relays information to the brain.

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8
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The […] joint allows for the head to shake.

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Atlantoaxial

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What is CN 8?

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  • CN VIII is the vestibulocochlear nerve. It exits the brain stem at the cerebellopontine angle and has two functional divisions involved in special sensation
  • The vestibular nerve maintains equilibrium and balance, and the cochlear nerve mediates hearing.
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What is CN 11?

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CN XI is the spinal accessory nerve, it innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

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What is CN 12?

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CN XII is the hypoglossal nerve. It innervates the intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (except for palatoglossus, which is innervated by CN X).

CN XII exits the skull through the hypoglossal canal.

LMN lesions of CN XII result in a deviation of the tongue to the SAME side of the injured nerve, “you lick the lesion.” Ipsilateral deviation is due to paralysis of the ipsilateral genioglossus muscle and unopposed action of the contralateral genioglossus muscle.

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13
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What is CN 3?

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CN III is the Oculomotor nerve. It innervates four extraocular muscles which control eyeball movement: the medial rectus, the inferior rectus, the superior rectus, and the inferior oblique.

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18
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For muscle #1 only:

  • What muscle is shown?
  • What is its action?
  • What is its innervation?
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The […] joint allows for the head to nod.

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Atlanto-occipital

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Eyeball muscle movement is controlled by which cranial nerves?

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3, 4, 6

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What muscles are shown?

What is their action (general)?

What are their innervations?

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See image for muscles

Action: Depress mandible, elevate hyoid

Innervation:

  • Posterior digastric = CN VII (facial nerve)
  • Anterior digastric = CN V (trigem. nerve)
  • Stylohyoid = facial nerve (CN VII)
  • Geniohyoid = cervical plexus
  • Mylohyoid = Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

In general –> posterior innervated by CN VII (facial nerve) and anterior innervated by CN V (trigeminal)

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What is CN 9?

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CN IX is the glossopharyngeal nerve, which exits the skull at the jugular foramen. It has the following functions:

  • General sensation of the posterior one third of the tongue and mucosa of the oropharynx
  • Taste from the posterior one third of the tongue
  • Receives visceral input from the carotid body and carotid sinus
  • Provides motor innervation for the stylopharyngeus muscle
  • Provides parasympathetic output to the parotid gland via the otic ganglion
  • Lesions of CN IX cause a loss of the afferent limb of the gag reflex and loss of taste and general sensation from posterior third of the tongue
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33
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The […] emerges between the anterior and middle scalene muscles and a nerve block can be administered here to block […].

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Brachial plexus

The entire brachial plexus

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Which is the only part of the brain that does not have to pass through the thalamus before accessing the cortex?

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The olfactory nerve (CN1)

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What is CN 5?

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CN V is the Trigeminal nerve. It has three divisions, designated V1, V2, and V3. The trigeminal nerve carries sensory information from the face to the brain and provides innervation to the muscles of mastication.

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What is CN 7?

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  • CN VII is the facial nerve
  • Innervates:
    • Muscles of facial expression
    • Stapedius
    • Posterior belly of the digastric
    • Stylohyoid
  • Carries taste information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue
  • Provides parasympathetic output to the lacrimal gland
  • Exits the brainstem at the cerebellopontine angle and courses alongside CN VIII into the internal auditory meatus, exits skull through stylomastoid foramen
  • Distal to the stylomastoid foramen, extra-cranial branches of CN VII pass through the parotid gland
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What is CN 4?

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CN IV is the trochlear nerve. It innervates the superior oblique muscle, which depresses, intorts, and abducts the eye while adducted. The trochlear nerve is unique in that it is the only cranial nerve that decussates completely; thus, lesions to the trochlear nucleus result in deficits of the contralateral superior oblique muscle.

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What is CN 2?

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CN II is the optic nerve. It relays visual information from the retina and is unique in that it is not a true peripheral nerve, but rather an extension of brain matter from the diencephalon enveloped around a central retinal artery.

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What is CN 10?

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CN X is the vagus nerve. It has afferent sensory fibers from the ear canal (outer ear), the meninges, as well as the larynx and pharynx. In addition it provides motor innervation to the following muscles:

Cricothyroid
Palatoglossus
Levator veli palatini
Laryngeal muscles
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles

CN X exits the skull through the jugular foramen.

CN X also innervates the viscera of the neck, abdomen, and thorax and provides parasympathetic input to all organs from the neck to the transverse colon (except the adrenal glands).

CN X functions as the efferent limb of the gag reflex (CN IX is afferent).

Lesions of CN X result in paralysis of the pharynx and larynx, and a deviation of the uvula to the opposite side of injured nerve. There is also a loss of the efferent limb of the gag reflex.

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Neuroscience and Head and Neck Anatomy (40 decks)

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