Nasal and Oral Cavities

Question 1

Answer 1

Question 2

What bones compose the nasal septum?

Answer 2

Superior border = perpindicular plate of ethmoid

Inferior border = vomer

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

What bones make up the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 4

Maxilla and palatine

Question 5

The middle and superior concha are part of the […] bone

Answer 5

Ethmoid

Question 6

True or false: The inferior nasal concha is a separate bone from the superior and middle nasal concha.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

The maxillary, frontal and sphenoid sinuses, as well as the nasal lacrimal duct drain into the […] around the […]

Answer 8

Nasal cavity

Nasal concha

Question 9

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Question 10

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Question 11

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Question 12

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Question 13

The […] bone makes up the roof of the nasal cavity and the opening of the maxillary sinus

Answer 13

Ethmoid bone

Question 14

Describe the location of the maxillary hiatus (opening) and what it’s clinical implications are.

Answer 14

Located at the top of the maxillary sinus, making it difficult for the sinus to drain when it is filled so it is easier to get infected –> sinusitis

Question 15

Label the image and discuss the drainage of the sinuses.

Answer 15

• Frontal sinuses drain into the nasal cavity via the frontonasal duct, which opens out at the hiatus semilunaris on the lateral wall
• Sphenoid sinuses drain out onto the roof of the nasal cavity (ethmoid sinuses)
• Ethmoid drains into nasal cavity
• Maxillary drains into ethmoid which drains into nasal cavity

**Note - superior nasal concha are hidden by middle nasal concha in saggital section**

Question 16

Answer 16

Question 17

The […] can be surgically accessed via passing through the nasal roof, into the sphenoid sinus and through the sphenoid bone

Answer 17

pituitary gland

Question 18

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Question 19

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Question 20

What does the eustachian tube do?

Answer 20

Connects middle ear to posterior nasal cavity. Is normally closed off in order to equalize pressure between atmosphere and middle ear. However, nasopharynx fold can open during certain events, like yawning, chewing, and swallowing and on airplanes to equalize pressure again.

Question 21

What is the function of the levator veli palatini?

Answer 21

Elevate soft palate

Question 22

What is the function of the tensor veli palatini?

Answer 22

• Move the soft palate laterally
• Help move eustachian tube to equalize pressure in middle ear

Question 23

What is the function of the salpingopharyngeus?

Answer 23

Help move eustachian tube to open it to equalize presure in middle ear

Question 24

Answer 24

Question 25

Name all structures

For #2 and #3 - what are their actions and innervations also?

Answer 25

Question 26

Describe the insertion of tensor veli palatini?

Answer 26

Hooks around medial pterygoid plate to insert on soft palate –> gives it leverage to pull palate to sides (laterally)

Question 27

Answer 27

Question 28

What are the 3 divisions of the pharynx?

Answer 28

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

Question 29

Answer 29

Question 30

For each labeled structure, name the structure and provide its innervation.

Answer 30

Question 31

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Question 32

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Question 33

Blood supply to the anterior nose is provided by the […] artery

Blood supply to the posterior nose is provided by the […] artery

Answer 33

Opthalmic

Maxillary

Question 34

Answer 34

Question 35

Answer 35

Question 36

[…] and […] mark the transition between the nasal cavity and the nasopharynx

Answer 36

Medial and lateral pterygoid plates

Question 37

Answer 37

Question 38

Describe how the teeth of children are organized.

Answer 38

20 total

Per quadrant: (5 teeth x 4 quadrants = 20 teeth)

• 2 molars
• 2 incisors
• 1 canine

Question 39

Describe the process of losing baby teeth.

Answer 39

Adult teeth develop in the maxilla and mandible. As they grow, they push on the roots of the baby teeth causing the roots to die and dissolve. As the roots dissolve the teeth are less secure and fall out, the adult tooth can now protrude through the gums.

Question 40

Answer 40

Question 41

Why is it common in western civilizations to require removal of the 3rd molar (wisdom tooth)?

Answer 41

The modern human jaw isn’t exposed to the same mechanical demands as it used to, so the jaws do not develop as robustly (large). When the 3rd molar comes in, there is usually not space for it in the jaw so it needs to be removed to make enough room for the other teeth to align.

Question 42

Describe age related changes in the mandible.

Answer 42

At birth, angle of oblique line of mandible is large. Becomes smaller angle with age into adulthood. In elderly, if they lose an adult tooth and do not get a replacement or something to take its place, the alveolar process where that tooth was can retreat causing degradation of the jaw and potential risk for loss of the other teeth. Once the alveolar bone of the mandible is lost it is hard to make dentures and can make eating / nutrition difficult.

Question 43

Answer 43

Question 44

The platoglossal arch connects the […] to the […]

The platopharyngeal arch connects the […] to the […]

Answer 44

Palate; tongue

Soft palate; oropharynx

Answer 45

Question 46

Label all numbered structures. For any muscles, also state their innervation.

Answer 46

Question 47

What is the function of the extrinsic tongue muscle?

Answer 47

Move the intrinsic tongue muscles.

Question 48

What muscles make up the floor of the mouth?

Answer 48

Hyoglossus

Geniohyoid

Question 49

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Question 51

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Question 52

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Question 53

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Question 54

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Question 55

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Question 56

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Question 57

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Question 58

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Question 59

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Question 61

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