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Neuroscience and Head and Neck Anatomy > Head and Neck Embryology > Flashcards

Head and Neck Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pharyngeal arch?

A

Unique intermediate embryological structures with contributions from all 3 embryonic layers and the neural crest. These structures ultimately give rise to the pharyngeal clefts, pouches and membranes

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2
Q

How many pharyngeal arches do humans have?

A

5

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3
Q

Pharyngeal arch 1

  • Nerve
  • Artery
  • Skeletal structures
  • Muscles
  • Ligaments
A
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4
Q

Pharyngeal arch 2

  • Nerve
  • Artery
  • Skeletal structures
  • Muscles
  • Ligaments
A
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5
Q

Pharyngeal Arch 3

  • Nerve
  • Artery
  • Skeletal structures
  • Muscles
A
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6
Q

Pharyngeal Arch 4

  • Nerve
  • Artery
  • Skeletal structures
  • Muscles
A
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7
Q

Pharyngeal Arch 6

  • Nerve
  • Artery
  • Skeletal structures
  • Muscles
  • Ligaments
A
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8
Q

Explain what the arch, cleft, pouch and membrane are in this diagram.

A
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9
Q

Pharyngeal clefts are derived from what germ layer?

A

Ectoderm

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10
Q

Pharyngeal pouches are derived from what germ layer?

A

Endoderm

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11
Q

Pharyngeal membrane is derived from what germ layer?

A

Ectoderm and endoderm

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12
Q

Only 1 of the clefts develops into a structure in the adult human. What does that cleft become?

A

External auditory meatus

Associated membrane becomes tympanic membrane

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13
Q

What is the fate of the following pouches between the pharyngeal arches?

  • Pouch 1
  • Pouch 2
  • Pouch 3
  • Pouch 4
A
  • 1 - auditory tube, middle ear
  • 2 - crypts palatine tonsil
  • 3 - inferior parathyroid glands and thymus
  • 4 - superior parathyroid glands
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14
Q

Micrognathia (micro jaw) arises from anamolous development of what part of the pharyngeal arch system?

A

Arch 1

Abnormality often accompanied by small tongue development which can lead to glossoptosis and airway obstruction

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15
Q

What is unique about the development of the tongue?

A

Arise from invading cells (occipital myoblasts)

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16
Q

Anterior tongue arises from arch […] and posterior tongue arises from arches […] and […]

A

1

3 and 4

17
Q

What drives the morphogenetic events involved in craniofacial development?

A

Neural crest cells

18
Q

What are the posterior and anterior fontanelles?

What is their clinical relevance?

A

Posterior - confluence of lambdoid and sagittal sutures

Anterior - confluence of sagittal, coronal, and frontal sutures

Early or delayed closure has implications for brain development

19
Q
A
20
Q

What is treacher collins syndrome?

A
21
Q

The palate derives from what part of the pharyngeal arch system?

A

Pouches 3 and 4

22
Q

What is DiGeorge Syndrome?

A
23
Q
A

Neuroscience and Head and Neck Anatomy (40 decks)

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