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Head and Neck Anatomy > Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

overall, all of the neck is in the?

A

superficial cervical fascia

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2
Q

what are the boundaries of anterior triangle?

A 
superior= inferior border of the mandible
lateral= anterior border of SCM
inferior= suprasternal notch
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3
Q

what is special about the digastirc muscle?

A

it has a fascical sling that attaches to the hyoid bone that creates a pulley at a 90 degree angle; where posterior and anterior belly’s are divided

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4
Q

name the 4 subtriangles of the anterior triangle?

A
  • submental (1) -middle under chin
  • submandibular (2) -sides under chin
  • carotid (2) -gland area
  • muscular (2) -throat
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5
Q

what is the only unpaired sub-triangle?

A

submental

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6
Q

submental triangles houses?

A

submental lymph nodes and anterior jugular veins that drain lymph

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7
Q

submental triangle bounded by?

A

anterior bellies of digastric and the hyoid bone

*floor is mylohyoid muscle

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8
Q

Submandibular triangle bounded by?

A

by the anterior and posterior belly of digastric and the mandible
*Floor is both the mylohyoid and hyoglossus

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9
Q

Submandibular triangle contents

A
  • two nerves (nerve to mylohyoid and hypoglossal nerve)

* three arteries and three veins: lingual, submental, and facial

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10
Q

Facial artery branches off of? BS to?

A

Branches off external carotid; loops over the mandible and carries blood to the face

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11
Q

Submental artery is a branch off? BS to?

A

Branch off facial artery; courses toward mental region

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12
Q

Lingual artery is a branch off? Goes where?

A

Branch off external carotid; dives deep to the hyoglossus muscle and runs up toward the oral cavity

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13
Q

Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII) gets to submandibular triangle how?

A

Loops around to innervate intrinsic tongue muscles; loops under andwithin the submandibular triangle toget to the tongue

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14
Q

muscular triangle bounded by?

A

midline of neck, hyoid, superior belly of omohyoid, and anterior border of SCM

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15
Q

muscular triangle houses?

A 
infrahyoid muscles
thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
lyrngeal cartilage (thyroid and cricothyroid)
ansa cervicalis
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16
Q

two types of lyrengeal cartilage?

A

thyroid and cricothyroid

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17
Q

muscular triangle muscles?

A 
sternohyoid
omohyoid
thyrohyoid
sternothryoid
cricothyroid
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18
Q

strap muscles =

A

infrahyoid muscles

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19
Q

cricothyroid muscle functions for? Found in?

A

does not function in the neck, functions in the larynx

*found in muscular triangle

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20
Q

muscular triangle innervation?

A

SO2S are innervated by the ansa cervicalis

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21
Q

carotid triangle bounded by?

A

mandible, strap muscles, and SCM

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22
Q

carotid triangle houses?

A

*shit ton of important things

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23
Q

internal caratid artery (ICA) has how many branches in neck?

A

none. No branches until it gets to brain at circle of Wilis

24
Q

external caratid artery (ECA) is located where? branches?

A

located on top of investing layer

*lingual and facial branches (and more)

25
Q

the common caratid artery splits into?

A

external and internal caratid artery

26
Q

What does the common facial vein drain? what does it drain INTO?

A

drains and face and viscera
*drains into internal jugular vein and then the IJV continues down to meet subclavian vein (and the IJV and subclavian forms brachiocephalic vein)

27
Q

what forms brachiocephalic vein?

A

internal jugular vein ( IJV) and subclavian

28
Q

All the vessels found in carotid triangle?

A 
ICA
IJV
common facial vein
ECA (with branches)
common carotid
29
Q

All the nerves found in carotid triangle?

A 
sympathetic trunk
vagus
ansa cervicalis
hypoglossal
carotid sinus nerve
30
Q

sympathetic trunk (nerves) continues through the _____ triangle toward the head?

A

carotid triangle towards head

31
Q

What triangle is the vagus nerve and ansa cervicalis found?

A

carotid

32
Q

what is ansa cervicalis?

A

the motor branches off the cervical plexus made of superior and inferior root; formed by C1, C2, C3

33
Q

the hypoglossal nerve courses through the ____ triangle before it enters the ____ triangle?

A

courses through the carotid triangle before it enters the submandibular triangle

34
Q

Carotid sinus nerve is a branch off of what?

A

branches off CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

35
Q

Baroreceptor

A

regulates blood pressure

36
Q

Chemoreceptor

A

regulates oxygen levels

37
Q

Carotid sinus

A

swelling at the most proximal part of the internal carotid; swelling has baroreceptors within it that sense blood pressure and sends feedback to help regulate BP

38
Q

Carotid body

A

tissue that contains chemoreceptors that sense oxygen/CO2 blood gas levels

39
Q

what does the Carotid sinus nerve do?

A

carries information (feedback) from carotid body and carotid sinus concerning blood pressure and oxygen levels back to the CN9 (glossopharyngeal), therefore to brain

40
Q

cervical plexus is what vertebra?

A

C1-C5

41
Q

Each of the emerging Ventral rami split into 2 bundles

A

top bundle meshes with cervical nerve
above it and the bottom bundle meshes with the cervical nerve below it
*each of the loops have dorsally projecting (posteriorly projecting) sensory branches and anteriorly (Ventral) projecting motor branches

42
Q

HOW TO REMEMBER IF efferent AND afferent or ventral/anterior AND dorsal/posterior are either sensory or motor?!?!?!

A

Emmett= efferent and Victor= ventral/anterior

  • *emmett and victor are both physical aka MOTOR
  • *Ass is Posterior for pleasure/sensory
43
Q

what does the carotid sheath surround?

A

common carotid artery, internal jugular vein (IJV) and vagus nerve

44
Q

carotid sheath is comprised of what cervical fascia?

A

All 3 layers of deep cervical fascia; they all come together to form sheath (investing, pretracheal, prevertebral)

45
Q

where is the ansa cervicalis in relation to carotid sheath?

A

Ansa cervicalis sits on top of the carotid sheath

46
Q

All of the drainage from head and neck follow?

A

the same chain of jugular nodes down to the venous angle

*mandibular incisors to submental nodes go back in the neck to follow this pattern

47
Q

what is venous angle?

A

Junction of subclavian vein with internal jugular vein, it is the junction where they form brachiocephalic. *important because it is where lymph dumps into venous return to heart

48
Q

pretracheal layer of deep cervical

fascia is located?

A

Below/deep to investing layer and is LIMITED TO ANTERIOR NECK

49
Q

pretracheal layer of deep cervical

fascia consists 2 parts. Name them

A

1) a thin muscular part which encloses the
infrahyoid muscles (and forms pulleys),
2) visceral part, which encloses the thyroid gland, trachea, and esophagus

50
Q

pretracheal layer of deep cervical

fascia is continuous with ________ fascia?

A

buccopharyngeal

51
Q

describe buccopharyngeal fascia

A

between back part of thyroid gland separating the viscera from the vertebral column

  • extension of pretracheal layer
  • ** separates a POTENTIAL SPACE (Retropharyngeal Space) for infection to spread
52
Q

what is Retropharyngeal Space?

A

a POTENTIAL SPACE for infection to spread created by buccopharyngeal fascia

53
Q

Retropharyngeal Space location? boundaries?

A

behind pharynx

  • It extends superiorly to the base of the skull and inferiorly to the mediastinum
  • is a secondary space (2°)!!!
  • is bound by the buccopharyngeal fascia anteriorly, the prevertebral fascia posteriorly, and the carotid sheaths laterally
54
Q

Retropharyngeal Space is dangerous because?

A

alllows for spread of infection

  • *carries dental infections (or from tonsils or middle ear) from the oral cavity down to the mediastinum;
  • any kind of infection that spreads in this space can spread all the way down to the mediastinum = can have sepsis, pericarditis
55
Q

define mediastinum

A

a membranous partition between two body cavities or two parts of an organ, especially that between the lungs

Head and Neck Anatomy (46 decks)

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