Brain et al Names and Function

Question 1

what is the most rostral part of brain or embryonic ‘tube’?

Answer 1

telencephalon

Question 2

telencephalon splits in how many ____ Lobes?

Answer 2

4 cerebral lobes: occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal

Question 3

the lateral (sylvian) fissure separates?

Answer 3

the parietal AND frontal lobes from temporal lobe

Question 4

central sulcus separates?

Answer 4

frontal and parietal

Question 5

what sulcus can only be seen from a midsagital view?

Answer 5

parieto-occipital sulcus

Question 6

what happens in corpus callosum?

Answer 6

all the axons are crossing over from one hemisphere to the other hemesphere

Question 7

grey matter and white matter represent what for brain and spinal cord?

Answer 7

grey= cell body
white=axons
*same for BOTH brain and spinal cord

Question 8

pre-central gyrus is found where? does what?

Answer 8

found in frontal lobe

*mediates the planning and initiation of voluntary movements

Question 9

what does the prefrontal cortex do? developes when?

Answer 9

decision making, rational thinking, determining consequences

*developes in early 20s for females and late 20s for males

Question 10

frontal lobe functions

Answer 10

• personality and executive function (control impulses, plan an action and know consequences)
• motor
• speech production
• olfaction

Question 11

the pre-central gyrus is arranged in a way to represent?

Answer 11

the amount of nurons for motor movement in certain regions of body
**CORTICAL MOTOR HOMUNCULUS

Question 12

Broca’s Area is housed where? Function?

Answer 12

Broca’s Area is housed in the inferior gyri of the frontal lobe and is the expressive/motor speech complex

Question 13

The ____ and ____ sulci split the frontal lobe into ____, ____, and _____ gyri?

Answer 13

the superior and inferior frontal sulci split the frontal lobe into superior, middle, and inferior gyri

Question 14

parietal lobe functions?

Answer 14

• mostly sensory

* sensory association

Question 15

function of post-central gyrus?

Answer 15

primary somatosensory cortex= sensation we are cognitivly aware of like proprioception, temperature, pain, fine touch

Question 16

the post-central gyrus is arranged in a way to represent?

Answer 16

the amount of neruons certain areas of the body use for sense
*CORTICAL SENSORY HOMUNCULUS

Question 17

cortical motor VERSES cortical sensory homunculus?

Answer 17

• Similar: Large tongue. lips, hands
• More sensation in genitals for sensory homunculus
• hands and mouth most motor needed
• MOTOR IS VOLUNTARY MOVEMENT

Question 18

The _____ sulcus splits the parietal lobe into ______ and ______

Answer 18

the intraparietal sulcus splits the parietal lobe into superior parietal lobule and inferior parietal lobule

Question 19

What makes the parietal lobules important?

Answer 19

for senosry association; meaning the ability to interpret touch
Ex: the ability to guess what latter someone writes on your back

Question 20

temporal lobe functions?

Answer 20

• hearing
• speech comprehension (Wernicke’s)
• memory

Question 21

Wernicke’s Area is found where? function?

Answer 21

found in the superior portion of the temporal lobe next to the lateral sulcus.
*important for speech comprehension

Question 22

how is Wernicke’s and Broca’s Areas different?

Answer 22

1) Location

2) Wernicke’s= speech comprehension and Broca’s= speech production

Question 23

Limbic system found in what lobe? Does what?

Answer 23

temporal lobe; is SCENT TO MEMORY aka tieing scent to some sort of higher cognition like memory or emotion

Question 24

The sensation of smell is highly tied to?

Answer 24

emotion and learning

Question 25

what is super special about the sensation of smell?

Answer 25

it is the ONLY sense that goes directly to the brain for direct interpretation; NO synapse

Question 26

what are the 3 structure found in the temporal/limbic system?

Answer 26

amygdala, hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus

Question 27

occipital lobe function? location?

Answer 27

vision; most causdal/posterior part of teloncephalon

Question 28

The ______ sulcus separates the ____ and ____ gyri in the occipital lobe?

Answer 28

the Calcarine sulcus separates the lingula and cuneus gyri in the occiptal lobe

Question 29

Location of lingula gyri and cuneus gyri?

Answer 29

In occipital lope; cuneus superior (C before L)

Question 30

basal ganglia function?

Answer 30

modulation of motor contral; means fine tuning moement. the intiation and planning of movement (different from pre-central gyrus/motor complex bc it STARTS motion)

Question 31

What is the basal ganglia? Misnamed why?

Answer 31

a collection of cell bodies found deep within brain (must be cut to see) *misnamed bc all of the neurons in the CNS should be called nuclei

Question 32

function of hypothalamus? What is attached to it?

Answer 32

drives, | *pituitary gland attached to it

Question 33

function of pituitary gland? located?

Answer 33

neurohormones | *attached to hypothalamus

Question 34

what is the thalamus? functions?

Answer 34

Huge cluster of bilateral nuclei * sensory relay switchboard * neurohormone release * thermoregulation, circadian rhythms, thirst, hunger, BP/HR regulation, memory, adaptive responses

Question 35

ALL sensation, except _____, enters the _____ before being sent into cortex?

Answer 35

ALL sensation, except olfactory, enters the thalamus before being sent into the cortex

Question 36

Function and location of mammillary bodies?

Answer 36

in the hypothalamus; processing of recognition memory

Question 37

function and location of colliculi?

Answer 37

midbrain; vision and hearing reflexes | Ex: hear or see something coming fast at you so you duck

Question 38

function and location of pons?

Answer 38

metencephalon; ascending,descending tracts; nuclei (for cranial nerves)

Question 39

function and location of cerebellum?

Answer 39

metencephalon; coordination of movement; fine coordination or skill like playing the piano

Question 40

function and location of substantia nigra?

Answer 40

midbrain; movement, reward, and addiction

Question 41

function and location of cerebral peduncle?

Answer 41

midbrain; descending motor tracts (meaning all motor info that is leaving the motor cortex travels down through this)

Question 42

most caudal part of the entire brain is?

Answer 42

medulla oblongata as part of the myelencephalon

Question 43

function and location of medulla?

Answer 43

myelencephalon; ascending and descending tracts and BASIC FUNCTIONS OF LIFE (cardiac, respiratory)