Anterior Triangle and Submandibular Region

Question 1

what are the four divisions of the anterior triangle?

Answer 1

muscular
carotid
submental
digastric/submandibular

Question 2

what is the border of the muscular triangle?

Answer 2

anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
median line

paired triangle

Question 3

what is the border of the carotid triangle

Answer 3

posterior belly of the digastric muscle
superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid
paired triangle

Question 4

what is the border of the submental triangle?

Answer 4

two anterior bellies of the digastric muscles
hyoid bone

unpaired triangle

Question 5

what are the borders of the digastric/submandibular triangle?

Answer 5

two bellies of the digastric muscles
lower border of the mandible

paired triangle

Question 6

what are the contents of the muscular triangle?

Answer 6

infrahyoid muscles (strap muscles)

• sternohyoid
• omohyoid
• sternothyroid
• thyrohyoid

Question 7

what do the infrahyoid muscles act on?

Answer 7

larynx and hyoid bone

Question 8

sternohyoid =

Answer 8

origin = within thorax, behind manubrium (top of sternum..)
insertion = hyoid bone
innervation = inferior root of ansa cervicalis (descendens cervicalis), fibers C2,C3 
action = depressor of larynx as a whole

Question 9

origin = within thorax, behind manubrium (top of sternum..)
insertion = hyoid bone
innervation = inferior root of ansa cervicalis (descendens cervicalis), fibers C2,C3
action = depressor of larynx as a whole

Answer 9

sternohyoid

Question 10

omohyoid =

Answer 10

origin = near the suprascapular notch
insertion = hyoid bone
innervation = superior root of the ansa cervicalis (descendens hypoglossi) fibers C1 [superior belly]
action = depressor of larynx as a whole

two bellies with an intermediate tendon

Question 11

origin = near the suprascapular notch
insertion = hyoid bone
innervation = superior root of the ansa cervicalis (descendens hypoglossi) fibers C1 [superior belly]
action = depressor of larynx as a whole

two bellies with an intermediate tendon

Answer 11

omohyoid

Question 12

sternothyroid =

Answer 12

origin = posterior manubrium below origin of sternohyoid 
insertion = oblique line of thyroid cartilage 
innervation = inferior root of the ansa cervicalis (descendens cervicalis), fibers from C2-C3 
action = depressor of the larynx as a whole

Question 13

origin = posterior manubrium below origin of sternohyoid 
insertion = oblique line of thyroid cartilage 
innervation = inferior root of the ansa cervicalis (descendens cervicalis), fibers from C2-C3 
action = depressor of the larynx as a whole

Answer 13

sternothyroid

Question 14

thyrohyoid =

Answer 14

origin = oblique line of thyroid cartilage 
insertion = hyoid bone
innervation = C1 fibers hitchhiking on the hypoglossal nerve
action = elevator of the larynx as a whole

Question 15

origin = oblique line of thyroid cartilage 
insertion = hyoid bone
innervation = C1 fibers hitchhiking on the hypoglossal nerve
action = elevator of the larynx as a whole

Answer 15

thyrohyoid

Question 16

what is contained within the carotid triangle?

Answer 16

bifurcation of the common carotid artery
internal carotid artery
external carotid artery and its branches
vagus nerve
internal jugular vein

Question 17

describe the branching pattern of the external carotid artery

(five branches, then terminal branches)

Answer 17

superior thyroid artery
lingual artery
facial artery
ascending pharyngeal artery
occipital artery
Terminal branches = maxillary, superficial temporal artery

Question 18

which arteries off the external carotid artery have additional branches?

Answer 18

superior thyroid artery –> superior laryngeal branch

facial artery –> glandular branches, submental branch, tonsilar, ascending palatine

Question 19

the superior laryngeal branch travels with which nerve?

Answer 19

internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, through thyrohyoid membrane

Question 20

the submental branch accompanies which nerve to which muscle?

Answer 20

trigeminal nerve to the mylohyoid muscle

Question 21

the occipital artery travels with which nerve?

Answer 21

greater occipital nerve (hooks over the hypoglossal nerve)

Question 22

what is contained within the digastric/submandibular triangle?

Answer 22

suprahyoid muscles
submandibular gland
submandibular lymph nodes
facial artery and vein

Question 23

digastric muscles =

Answer 23

origin = medial aspect of the mastoid process (posterior belly)
insertion = inner surface of the mandible close to the midline (anterior belly)
innervation = posterior: facial nerve; anterior: trigeminal nerve by way of nerve to mylohyoid muscle
action= elevator of the larynx as a whole

intermediate tendon of this muscle goes through a connective tissue pully which is attached to the hyoid bone; usually basses between two parts of the stylohyoid muscle
2 bellies

Question 24

origin = medial aspect of the mastoid process (posterior belly)
insertion = inner surface of the mandible close to the midline (anterior belly)
innervation = posterior: facial nerve; anterior: trigeminal nerve by way of nerve to mylohyoid muscle
action= elevator of the larynx as a whole

intermediate tendon of this muscle goes through a connective tissue pully which is attached to the hyoid bone; usually basses between two parts of the stylohyoid muscle
2 bellies

Answer 24

digastric muscle

Question 25

stylohyoid muscle =

Answer 25

``` origin = styloid process insertion = hyoid bone innervation = facial nerve action = elevator of the larynx as a whole ``` usually splits to pass on both sides of intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle

Question 26

mylohyoid muscle =

Answer 26

``` origin = mylohyoid line of the mandible insertion = hyoid bone and a connective tissue raphe which extends from the hyoid bone to the mandible in the midline between left and right muscles innervation = trigeminal nerve (nerve to the mylohyoid muscle) action = elevator of the larynx as a whole ``` forms the muscular floor of the mouth

Question 27

``` origin = styloid process insertion = hyoid bone innervation = facial nerve action = elevator of the larynx as a whole ``` usually splits to pass on both sides of intermediate tendon of the digastric muscle

Answer 27

stylohyoid muscle

Question 28

``` origin = mylohyoid line of the mandible insertion = hyoid bone and a connective tissue raphe which extends from the hyoid bone to the mandible in the midline between left and right muscles innervation = trigeminal nerve (nerve to the mylohyoid muscle) action = elevator of the larynx as a whole ``` forms the muscular floor of the mouth

Answer 28

mylohyoid

Question 29

geniohyoid muscle =

Answer 29

origin = inferior genial tubercle of the mandible insertion = body of the hyoid bone innervation = C1, C2 through the hypoglossal nerve action = situated above the mylohyoid muscle

Question 30

origin = inferior genial tubercle of the mandible insertion = body of the hyoid bone innervation = C1, C2 through the hypoglossal nerve action = situated above the mylohyoid muscle

Answer 30

geniohyoid

Question 31

the suprahyoid muscles include which muscles and what do they do?

Answer 31

``` digastric stylohyoid mylohyoid geniohyoid hyoglossus genioglossus ``` act on the jaw, mouth, tongue

Question 32

the gland that fills the majority of the digastric/submandibular triangle is

Answer 32

submandibular gland

Question 33

cranial nerve 5

Answer 33

trigeminal

Question 34

trigeminal nerve supplies:

Answer 34

nerve to mylohyoid muscle | anterior belly of the digastric

Question 35

cranial nerve 7

Answer 35

facial nerve

Question 36

facial nerve supplies:

Answer 36

platysma muscle stylohyoid posterior belly of digastric

Question 37

cranial nerve 9

Answer 37

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 38

glossopharyngeal nerve supplies

Answer 38

carotid sinus

Question 39

cranial nerve 10

Answer 39

vagus nerve

Question 40

vagus nerve travels with:

Answer 40

internal carotid artery and internal jugular nerve in the carotid shealth

Question 41

the vagus nerve branches into:

Answer 41

superior and inferior cervical cardiac nerves superior laryngeal nerve (external branch and internal branch) pharyngeal nerve recurrent (inferior) laryngeal nerve

Question 42

the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve goes to:

Answer 42

cricothyroid muscles | root of the tongue

Question 43

the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve goes to:

Answer 43

passes through the thryohyoid membrane - sensory to the laryngeal mucosa above true vocal folds - important for cough reflexes

Question 44

pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve passes:

Answer 44

between the carotid arteries

Question 45

the right recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around:

Answer 45

brachiocephalic trunk

Question 46

the left recurrent laryngeal nerve looks around:

Answer 46

the aortic arch

Question 47

passes through the thryohyoid membrane - sensory to the laryngeal mucosa above true vocal folds - important for cough reflexes

Answer 47

internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve from the vagus nerve

Question 48

cranial nerve 11

Answer 48

accessory nerve

Question 49

the accessory nerve travels where and innervates which muscles?

Answer 49

enters deep surface of sternocleidomastoid muscle high in the neck, innervates that muscles, then crosses the posterior triangle to supply the trapezius