Scapular Region and Arm Flashcards by Taryn W

What are the cutaneous nerves on the medial aspect of the upper limb

medial brachial cutaneous* nerve joined by the intercostal brachial nerve
medial antebrachial cutaneous*

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what are the cutaneous nerves on the lateral side of the upper limb?

upper lateral cutaneous nerve (branch of the axillary nerve)
lower lateral cutaneous nerve (branch of the radial nerve)
lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve* (continuation of the musculocutaneous nerve)

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what are the cutaneous nerves on the dorsal side of the upper limb?

posterior cutaneous nerve of arm (from radial nerve)

dorsal cutaneous nerve of forearm (from radial nerve)

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what are the three important named superficial veins in the upper limb

cephalic vein
basilic vein
median cubital vein

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what vein is this?

begins on dorsum of hand, radial/lateral side (thumb side)
ascends on lateral (radial) side of forearm
passes into the deltopectoral triangle
pierces the clavipectoral fascia to join the axillary vein

cephalic vein

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how are the cephalic vein and the basilic vein related?

at the elbow, the cephalic vein sends a venous channel to basilic vein - called medial cubital vein

used for venepuncture
connects basilic and cephalic veins

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what vein is this?

begins on dorsum of hand, ulnar/medial side (little finger side)
ascends on medial side of forearm
above elbow: pierces deep fascia and joins brachial vein to form axillary vein

basilic vein

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where do the basilic vein and cephalic vein originate from?

dorsal venous arch on the dorsum of the hand

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what are the three types of deep fascia of the arm and what do they contain?

brachial fascia: covers the muscles of the arm
lateral and medial intermuscular septa: separate arm muscles into anterior and posterior compartments
medial intermuscular septum: composed of two laminae; provides passage for brachial vessels, median nerve, basilic vein, and medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve

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which muscles insert on the upper humerus?

pectoralis major 
pectoralis minor
deltoid 
latissimus dorsi
teres major
[rotator cuff muscles] 
supraspinatus 
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
coracobrachialis

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where do these muscles insert?

pectoralis major 
pectoralis minor
deltoid 
latissimus dorsi
teres major
[rotator cuff muscles] 
supraspinatus 
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
coracobrachialis

upper humerus

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what forms the quadrangular space?

humerus
teres major
teres minor
long head of triceps

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what do these components form?

humerus
teres major
teres minor
long head of triceps

quadrangular space

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what passes through the quadrangular space?

posterior humeral circumflex vessels

axillary nerve

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what forms the triangular space?

teres major
teres minor
long head of triceps muscle

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what do these components form?

teres major
teres minor
long head of triceps muscle

triangular space

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what passes through the triangular space?

branches of the scapular circumflex vessels

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what forms the triangular interval?

long head of triceps muscle
lateral head of triceps
teres major

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what do these components form?

long head of triceps
lateral head of triceps
teres major

triangular interval

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what passes through the triangular interval?

radial nerve

deep brachial vessels (profunda brachii)

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deltoid muscle =

origin = spine of scapula, lateral acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle
insertion = deltoid tuberosity of humerus
innervation = axillary nerve
action = abducts the arm (raises the arm) - very strong after 15 degrees of motion

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origin = spine of scapula, lateral acromion, lateral 1/3 of clavicle
insertion = deltoid tuberosity of humerus
innervation = axillary nerve
action = abducts the arm (raises the arm) - very strong after 15 degrees of motion

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latissimus dorsi

origin = spinous process of lower thoracic vertebrae, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae, dorsum of sacrum, iliac crest, lower ribs
inserts = crest of lesser tubercule and intertubercular sulcus of humerus
innervation = thoracodorsal nerve
action = adduction, extension, medial rotation of arm

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origin = spinous process of lower thoracic vertebrae, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae, dorsum of sacrum, iliac crest, lower ribs
inserts = crest of lesser tubercule and intertubercular sulcus of humerus
innervation = thoracodorsal nerve
action = adduction, extension, medial rotation of arm

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teres major

``` origin = inferior angle and axillary border of scapula insertion = crest of lesser tubucle of humerus innervation = lower scapular nerve action = adduction, medial rotation of arm ```

...

what muscles compose the rotator cuff

supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis

supraspinatus=

posterior aspect of scapula ``` origin = supraspinatus fossa of scapula insertion = greater tubercle of humerus innervation = suprascapular nerve action = abducts the arm, assists deltoid muscle in full movement ```

supraspinatus

infraspinatus =

posterior aspect of scapula origin = infraspinatus fossa of scapula insertion = greater tubercle of humerus innervation = suprascapular nerve action - lateral rotation of arm

infraspinatus

teres minor =

``` origin = lateral border of scapula insertion = greater tubercle of humerus innervation = axillary nerve action = lateral rotation of arm ```

teres minor

subscapularis

``` origin = costal surface of scapula insertion = lesser tubercle of humerus innervation = upper and lower subscapular nerves action = medial rotation of arm ```

supscapularis

what muscles are in the anterior compartment of the arm and what nerve innervates them?

brachialis biceps brachii coracobrachialis innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

coracobrachialis

``` origin = coracoid process of the scapula insertion = half way down the medial aspect of humerus innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = adducts arm ```

biceps brachii

``` origin = supraglenoid tubercule (long head) of the scapula and the coracoid process of the scapula (short head) insertion = radial tuberosity innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = flexes shoulder, flexes forearm at elbow, supinates the forearm ```

brachialis muscle

``` origin = lower anterior half of humerous insertion = ulnar tuberosity innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = flexes forearm at elbow ``` floor of cubital fossa

``` origin = coracoid process of the scapula insertion = half way down the medial aspect of humerus innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = adducts arm ```

coracobrachialis

biceps brachii

``` origin = lower anterior half of humerous insertion = ulnar tuberosity innervation = musculocutaneous nerve action = flexes forearm at elbow ``` floor of cubital fossa

brachialis

what muscles are in the posterior compartment of the arm?

triceps brachii

what muscles form the boundary of the cubital fossa?

brachioradialis | pronator teres

triceps brachii

3 heads - long, lateral, medial ``` origin = infraglenoid tubercle of scapula (long head), upper half of humerus (lateral head), lower half of humerus (medial head) insertion = olecranon process of ulna innervation = radial nerve action = extends forearm at elbow, extends shoulder ```

brachioradialis

``` origin = lateral supracondylar line/ridge of humerus insertion = near styloid process of radius innervation = radial nerve action = flexes forearm at elbow ``` -part of the extensor group of muscles in the upper limb

pronator teres

2 heads ``` origin = superficial head of medial epicondyle of humerus, deep head from medial side of coronoid process of ulna insertion = midpoint of radial shaft innervation = median nerve action = pronates forearm (palm down) ```

triceps brachii

brachioradialis

pronator teres one of 8 flexor muscles in the forearm

suprascapular nerve ``` fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate? ```

fibers from C5,C6 branches off the superior root of brachial plexus travels with suprascapular artery from the thyrocervical trunk of the subclavian artery travels = through the scapular notch, deep to the superior transverse ligament, under supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles innervates = supraspinatus and infraspinatus

axillary nerve ``` fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate? ```

fibers from C5, C6 one of the terminal branches of the brachial plexus, branches off the posterior cord travels with the posterior humeral circumflex artery travels through the quadrangular space innervates the teres minor and deltoid muscles

radial nerve ``` fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate? ```

fibers from C5-T1 largest terminal branch of the brachial plexus, comes off the posterior cord travels with the deep brachial vessels (profundus brachii) travels along the radial sulcus of the humerous under the triceps brachii, through the triangular interval to reach the lateral intermuscular septum, into lateral wall of cubital fossa supplies the muscles on the dorsal side of arm and forearm

musculocutaneous nerve ``` fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate? ```

fibers from C5, C6 terminal branch of brachial plexus, comes off the lateral cord terminal portion (lateral antebrachial cutaneous) travels with the cephalic vein travels through or on top of the coracobrachialis, then between the biceps brachii and brachialis, then sensor fibers continue as the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve with the cephalic vein supplies coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis

median nerve ``` fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate? ```

fibers from C6-T1 terminal branch of the brachial plexus, comes from merging portions from lateral and medial cords travels with brachial artery to cubital then ends up medial to brachial artery goes through the flexor retinaculum supplies 6 1/2 of flexor muscles in anterior forearm and 5 muscles in the hand

ulnar nerve ``` fibers from which roots? where does this nerve branch off the brachial plexus? what vessel does it travel with? where does it travel? what does it innervate? ```

fibers from C8-T1 terminal branch off the brachial plexus, comes from the medial cord travels with brachial artery down the upper arm, just before the cubital fossa it diverts medially enters posterior compartment of arm to pass behind medial epicondyle of humerus does not go through flexor retinaculum supplies 1 1/2 flexor muscles in the anterior forearm and all muscles in hand not supplied by median nerve

suprascapular nerve

ulnar nerve

median nerve

musculocutaneous nerve

radial nerve

axillary nerve