Posterior Triangle & Root of the Neck Flashcards by Taryn W

Hyoid bone

unpaired bone, located inferior to inferior aspect of the mandible
single bone with a central body and greater horns/cornua on each side
lies in anterior neck at the level cv3
-does not articulate with any other bone
-larynx suspended here from thyrohyoid membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

hyoid bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

name the structures in the neck found at Cv6

junction of pharynx and esophagus
middle cervical sympathetic ganglion
vertebral artery enters the first transverse foramen

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

the posterior triangle is covered by which dermatomes

c2, c3, c4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the nerves that make up the cutaneous component of the cervical plexus?

lesser occipital nerve - c2
great auricular nerve - C2 C3
transverse cervical nerve - C2, C3
supraclavicular nerves - C3, C4

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

anterior= posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
posterior = anterior border of the trapezius
inferior = clavicle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

what are the muscles of the floor of the posterior triangle?

they are covered by which fascia?

splenius capitis
splenius cervicis 
levator scapulae
posterior scalene
middle scalene
anterior scalene

prevertebral fascia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which components are found between the prevertebral layers of deep fascia and investing layers of fascia in the posterior triangle?

spinal accessory nerve
inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
transverse cervical vessels
cutaneous nerves to the skin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which components are found between the prevertebral layers of deep fascia and the floor of the posterior triangle?

dorsal scapular nerve
long thoracic nerve
phrenic nerve
proximal portion of the brachial plexus
third part of the subclavian artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where are these structures located?

dorsal scapular nerve
long thoracic nerve
phrenic nerve
proximal portion of the brachial plexus
third part of the subclavian artery

between the prevertebral layers of deep fascia and the floor of the posterior triangle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where are these structures located?

spinal accessory nerve
inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
transverse cervical vessels
cutaneous nerves to the skin

between the prevertebral layers of deep fascia and the investing layers of the posterior triangle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

sternocleidomastoid muscle =

anterior border of the posterior triangle

origin = the manubrium and the medial end of the clavicle
insertion = mastoid process
innervation = accessory nerve (motor) and branches of C2 and C3 (sensory)
action = 1 side contracts - turns head to opposite side, 2 sides contract - flexion of the neck
*accessory muscle of respiration - shows in signs of respiratory distress

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anterior border of the posterior triangle

sternocleidomastoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

lie on the floor of lateral neck covered by cervical fascia
3 groups
all originate from anterior or posterior tubercle of transverse processes
innervated by cervical nerves
action = muscles acting together are muscles of inspirations, also act on vertebral column of neck

scalene muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

anterior scalene (scalenus anterior)

landmark muscle in floor of the neck

origin = anterior tubercle of transverse process of Cv3-Cv6
insertion = scalene tubercle of the first rib between the grooves for subclavian vessels
innervation = C5-c7

phrenic nerve crosses anterior to this muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

landmark muscle in floor of the neck

origin = anterior tubercle of transverse process of Cv3-Cv6
insertion = scalene tubercle of the first rib between the grooves for subclavian vessels
innervation = C5-c7

phrenic nerve crosses anterior to this muscle

anteior scalene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

middle scalene

largest of this group of muscles

origin = posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of Cv3-cv7
insertion = scalene tubercle of the first rib immediately posterior to the brachial plexus and subclavian artery 
innervation = C2-C8

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

largest of this group of muscles

origin = posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of Cv3-cv7
insertion = scalene tubercle of the first rib immediately posterior to the brachial plexus and subclavian artery 
innervation = C2-C8

middle scalene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

posterior scalene

smallest and most posterior of this group

origin = posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of Cv5-Cv7
insertion = second rib
innervation = Cv7-Cv8

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

smallest and most posterior of this group

origin = posterior tubercle of the transverse processes of Cv5-Cv7
insertion = second rib
innervation = Cv7-Cv8

posterior scalene

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

omohyoid muscle

one of the infrahyoid muscles
2 bellies connected by a tendon
inferior belly is in the posterior triangle

origin = upper border of the scapula
insertion = lower border of the hyoid bone
innervation = ansa cervicalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

one of the infrahyoid muscles
2 bellies connected by a tendon
inferior belly is in the posterior triangle

origin = upper border of the scapula
insertion = lower border of the hyoid bone
innervation = ansa cervicalis

omohyoid muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which structures are found between the anterior scalene and middle scalene muscle?

subclavian artery

anterior/ventral primary rami (forming the brachial plexus)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

where do these structures pass in the posterior triangle?

subclavian artery
anterior/ventral primary rami

between the anterior and middle scalene muscles

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

which structures lie superficial to the scalenus anterior muscle?

``` prevertebral fascia subclavian vein phrenic nerve transverse cervical artery suprascapular artery omohyoid muscle ```

where do these structures pass in the posterior triangle? ``` prevertebral fascia subclavian vein phrenic nerve transverse cervical artery suprascapular artery omohyoid muscle ```

anterior to the scalenus anterior muscle

name the structures immediately above the first rib from anterior to posterior

``` subclavian vein anterior scalene subclavian artery lower portion of brachial plexus middle scalene ```

where is the brachial plexus in the posterior triangle?

between the middle and anterior scalene muscles

where are these structures found? ``` subclavian vein anterior scalene subclavian artery lower portion of brachial plexus middle scalene ```

immediately above the first rib in the posterior triangle

where is the sternoclavicular joint

at the root of the neck between the medial end of the clavical and the manubrium

describe the sternoclavicular joint

an articular disk divides the joint cavity into two separate spaces ligaments of the joint include -articular capsule -interior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments -interclavicular ligament -costoclavicular ligament

what does the subclavian artery branch into?

``` vertebral artery internal thoracic artery thyrocervical trunk costocervical trunk dorsal scapular artery ``` (VIT. C and D)

where do these branches come from? ``` vertebral artery internal thoracic artery thyrocervical trunk costocervical trunk dorsal scapular artery ```

subclavian artery

what does the thryocervical trunk branch into?

inferior thyroid artery suprascapular artery transverse cervical artery

where do these branches come from? inferior thyroid artery suprascapular artery transverse cervical artery

thyrocervical trunk

where does the inferior thyroid artery come from and branch into?

comes from the thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian artery branches into the ascending cervical artery and the inferior laryngeal artery

what artery is this? comes from the thyrocervical trunk from the subclavian artery branches into the ascending cervical artery and the inferior laryngeal artery

inferior thyroid artery

where does the transverse cervical artery come from and branch into

comes from the thyrocervical trunk branches into a superficial branch and a deep branch

what artery is this? comes from the thyrocervical trunk branches into a superficial branch and a deep branch

transverse cervical artery

where does the dorsal scapular artery come from?

can either branch off of the thyrocervical trunk (deep branch of the transverse cervical artery) or directly from the subclavian artery

what does the costocervical trunk branch into?

deep cervical artery | highest intercostal artery

where does the internal thoracic artery travel and supply?

arises from the antero-inferior aspect of the subclavian artery descends posterior to the sternal end of the clavical to enter the thorax travels down the middle

where does the vertebral artery travel and supply

arises from the postero-superior aspect of the subclavian artery enters the transverse foramen of CV6 ascends up the transverse foramina until it lies on the superior aspect of the atlas enters the suboccipital triangle to supply the brain/brainstem

arises from the antero-inferior aspect of the subclavian artery descends posterior to the sternal end of the clavical to enter the thorax travels down the middle

internal thoracic artery

vertebral artery

where does the thyrocervical trunk arise?

short trunk from the superior aspect of the subclavian artery

which artery is this? short trunk from the superior aspect of the subclavian artery

thyrocervical trunk

where does the inferior thyroid artery arise?

branch of the thryocervical trunk | passes superiorly along the medial border of the scalenus anterior to about Cv6, where it runs medially and branches

inferior thyroid artery

where does the ascending cervical artery arise?

branch from the inferior thyroid artery runs along the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior runs with the phrenic nerve

ascending cervical artery

where does the inferior laryngeal artery arise?

branch of the inferior thyroid artery | accompanies the recurrent/inferior laryngeal nerve

inferior laryngeal artery

where does the suprascapular artery travel?

branch of the inferior thyroid artery passes anterior to the scalenus anterior, behind the sternocleidomastoid muscle travels behind the clavicle to reach the region of the scapular notch

suprascapular artery

where does the transverse cervical artery arise?

branch of the thryoclavicular trunk passes between the scalenus anterior and the sternocleidomastoid muscle turns posteriorly, crosses the posterior triangle branches into superficial and deep branches (variant= deep branch is dorsal scapular artery)

transverse cervical artery

the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery off the thyrocervical branch travels with what nerve and where?

accessory nerve | deep surface of the trapezius muscle

the deep branch of the transverse cervical artery off the thyrocervical branch travels with what nerve and where?

dorsal scapular nerve | deep surface of the levator scapulae and rhomboid muscles

what is the variation that can occur relating to the superficial branch of the transverse cervical artery?

it may arise from the thyrocervical trunk directly as the superficial cervical artery

where does the costocervical trunk arise from?

arises from the posterior aspect of the subclavian artery | quickly divides into deep cervical artery and highest intercostal artery

costocervical trunk

where does the deep cervical artery come from and what does it supply?

comes from the costocervical trunk from the subclavian artery supplies the deep muscles on the back of the neck

what artery is this? comes from the costocervical trunk from the subclavian artery supplies the deep muscles on the back of the neck

deep cervical artery

where does the highest/supreme/superior intercostal artery come from and what does it supply?

comes from the costocervical trunk from the subclavian artery supplies the first two intercostal space (first posterior intercostal artery, second posterior intercostal artery

highest intercostal artery

platysma muscle =

very superficial, very thin muscle of fascial expression ``` origin = fascia in the thoracic region insertion = inferior aspect of the mandible innervation = cranial nerve VII ```

muscle of fascial expression ``` origin = fascia in the thoracic region insertion = inferior aspect of the mandible innervation = cranial nerve VII ```

platysma muscle

which nerves make up the cutaneous components of the cervical plexus?

lesser occipital nerve (C2) great auricular nerve (C2, C3) transverse cervical nerve (C2, C3) suprascapular nerve (C3, C4)

lesser occipital nerve fibers from which root? travels where? innervates what structures?

fibers from C2 travels along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle superiorly to the head from the nerve point on the neck ("goes up and back") innervates the skin of the neck and scalp posterosuperiorly to the auricle of the ear

great auricular nerve fibers from which root? travels where? innervates what structures?

fibers from C2, C3 travels vertically on the surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle ("goes north") innervates skin of the parotid region and auricle, supplies the skin of the angle of the mandible and continues to the mastoid process

transverse cervical nerves fibers from which root? travels where? innervates what structures?

fibers from C2, C3 crosses the sternocleidomastoid muscle horizontally toward medial portion of throat joins the cervical branch of the facial nerve inferior to the parotid gland innervates the skin of the anterior triangle of the neck

supraclavicular nerves fibers from which root? travels where? innervates what structures?

fibers from C3, C4 crosses the clavicle ("goes south") supplies the skin of the inferior half of the posterior triangle of the neck supplies the skin of the upper thoracic region and deltoid regions

lesser occipital nerve

great auricular nerve

transverse cervical nerves

fibers from C3, C4 crosses the clavicle ("goes south") supplies the skin of the inferior half of the posterior triangle of the neck supplies the skin of the upper thoracic region and deltoid regions

supraclavicular nerves

cranial nerve VII innervates what structure?

platysma

spinal accessory nerve (CN XII) innervates which two muscles

trapezius, sternocleidomastoid

Posterior Triangle & Root of the Neck Flashcards

(79 cards)