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Bacc Core OSU > ANTH 330 Midterm 1 > Flashcards

ANTH 330 Midterm 1 Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Anthropology definition

A

study of humankind in all times and places

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2
Q

Anthropology is…

A

social science, studies culture, holistic, generalizing, comparative, empirical, fieldwork

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3
Q

Social Science

A

academic discipline concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.

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4
Q

Studies Culture

A

socially transmitted ideas, values, perception

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5
Q

Holistic

A

social interactions, material objects, language, physical bodies

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6
Q

Generalizing

A

study small sample, generalize to population

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7
Q

Comparative

A

what makes people different or same

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8
Q

Empirical

A

observation or experimentation

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9
Q

Fieldwork

A

on site research

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10
Q

Sub disciplines of anthro

A

cultural, linguistic, archeology, physical

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11
Q

Cultural def

A

study of patterns, behavior, thoughts, culture producing

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12
Q

Ethnography

A

detailed description of a particular culture

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13
Q

Ethnology

A

study of different cultures from a comparative or historical point of view

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14
Q

Paleoanthropology

A

biological changes through time

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15
Q

Globalization

A

worldwide connectedness, rapid global movement of natural resources, trade goods, human labor, finance capital, information, diseases. (holistic, comparative)

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16
Q

Ethical

A

responsibility to people and animals with cultures are studied

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17
Q

Define Science

A

a body of knowledge gained through observation and experimentation

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18
Q

3 basic questions

A

whats there?
how does it work?
how did it come to be this way?

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19
Q

characteristics of science

A

falsifiable, experiments reproduced, explanatory, predictive, reliable, not democratic, non dogmatic

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20
Q

Scientific Method

A

an approach to research whereby a problem is identified, a hypothesis is stated, and a hypothesis is tested

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21
Q

Fact

A

observation/phenomenon verified by experiments

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22
Q

Hypothesis

A

tentative explanation of relationships among a certain phenomenon

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23
Q

Theory

A

coherent statement that provides an explanatory framework (hypothesis) for understanding supported by a reliable body of facts.

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24
Q

Facts to theories

A

event -> relationship -> law -> theory

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25
Doctrine
assertion of opinion or belief formally handed down by authority as true and indisputable. (catholic-bible)
26
Scientific process can NEVER
prove a theory, it can only disprove a hypothesis
27
Theology
systematic and rational study of concepts of God and their influences and the nature of the religious truths
28
Hermetic Theory
divine spirit present in all the material things in the world
29
Scientific Revolution
emergence of modern since when developments in math, physics, astronomy, bio, medicine, and chem transformed views of society and nature.
30
Taxonomy
Carolus Linnaeus - developed the method of classifying plants and animals. first person to include humans with animals.
31
Lamarck evolution theory
no enviro change, characteristics passed on generations
32
Catastrophism
Georges Curier. extinction, fossils
33
Uniformitarianism and Deep Time
Charles Lyell. Earth is older than people expected
34
actual source of variation
DNA, genes
35
actual mechanism of evolutionary change
mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, selection
36
microevolution
changes produced within one individual or generation. the production and redistribution of variation within individual organisms. (changes in allele frequences)
37
Allele
alternate form of a gene
38
gene
a sequence of DNA bases that specify the order of amino acids in a protein
39
Chromosome
organized structure of genes
40
Cell
basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known living organisms.
41
Prokaryotes
single-celled organism. no nucleus or organelles
42
Eukaryotes
multi-celled organisms. DNA contained in nucleus.
43
Somatic Cell (Type of Eukaryote)
muscles, bones, skin, nerves
44
Gametes (Type of Eukaryote)
sperm, eggs. pass on genetics
45
DNA
double stranded molecule that contains the genetic code
46
regulatory genes
genes that code for protein for function of body
47
homeobox genes (hox)
direct segmentation of embryonic tissues
48
Transcription
cell replication, DNA to mRNA
49
Translation
mRNA to amino acid chain at ribosomes
50
Mitosis
cell division of somatic cells
51
Meiosis
cell division of reproductive cells
52
Asexual reproduction
mitosis. 46 chromosomes. mutations only
53
Sexual reproduction
mitosis and meiosis. 23 chromosomes. mutation and fertilization.
54
Mutation
change in DNA
55
Fertilization
combo of two gametes
56
Gregor Mendel
principle of segregation. principle of independent assortment.
57
Dominance
ability of allele or trait to mask the presence of another allele
58
Recessiveness
allele for a trait is masked by the presence of another allele
59
Codominance
the expression of both alleles in phenotypes
60
Heterozygous
chromosome pair that bears different cycles for a single gene
61
Homozygous
chromosome pair that bears identical alleles for a single gene
62
Genotype
alleles possessed for a particular trait
63
Phenotype (effect of gene)
observable characteristic of an organism that may or may not reflect particular genotype
64
Monogenic
tongue rolling, handedness
65
Polygenic
height, skin color
66
Pleiotropic
sickle cell
67
Epigenetics (tags)
modification to DNA, protein, or RNA during an organism life time. passed on generations
68
Traditional Genetics (mutation)
slow changes to the genome. adaptions are static

Bacc Core OSU (11 decks)

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