Anti-Acne Products Flashcards by AM Mesh

Q

Common dermatological disorder of the pilosebaceous unit

A

Acne

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Q

T/F: Acne is not a disease condition

A

False

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Q

T/F: Before it becomes a full blown acne it can be managed in part by using cosmetic products

A

True

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Q

What are the major contributing factors to acne development?

A

Sebum, androgens, hyperkeratinization, Propionibacterium acnes, Inflammation (immune responses)

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Q

T/F: Usually acne is in part triggered by excess sebum production

A

True

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Q

T/F: When our sebaceous glands hyporeact, there is increase sebum production

A

False. Hyper react

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Q

This is a contributing factor, a hormone that commonly starts with puberty

A

Androgens

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Q

T/F: Hyperkeratinization is a normal process

A

False. Keratinization is a normal process

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Q

Process where forming of the skin cells. They are gradually going up into the epidermis eventually being sloughed off

A

Keratinization

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Q

T/F: With hyperkeratinization formation of skin cells becomes faster and yet they are not being sloughed off. There is a tendency for the skin cells to clog the skin pores

A

True

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Q

Main causative agent associated with acne development

A

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes)

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Q

T/F: Common immune response manifest itself in the form of inflammation

A

True

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Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Hyperkeratosis and increased corneocyte cohesiveness in the upper sebaceous follicle, which lead to microcomedo formation

A

Early comedo

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Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Androgen stimulation of sebum production

A

Early comedo

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Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Accumulation of shed keratin and sebum

A

Later comedo

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Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Formation of whorled lamellar concretions

A

Later comedo

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Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Comedo may be closed (no obvious follicular opening) or open (dilated follicular opening; keratin plug darkens due to oxidized lipids & melanin)

A

Later comedo

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Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Propionibacterium acnes proliferation, which upregulates innate immune responses (e.g. via TLRs)

A

Inflammatory papule/pustule

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Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Mild inflammation (primarily neutrophils), which increases upon rupture of the comedo wall

A

Inflammatory papule/pustule

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Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Sebaceous lobule regression

A

Inflammatory papule/pustule

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Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

Marked inflammation (primarily T cells)

A

Nodule/cyst

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Q

Identify the Pathogenesis Stage of Acne:

May lead to scarring

A

Nodule/cyst

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Q

○ Not visible by the naked eye because of its small size
○ Occurs under the skin
○ Caused by androgen stimulation of sebum production

A

Microcomedo

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Q

Consists of open and closed comedones, which are not inflamed and red because follicle walls are intact

A

Non-inflammatory Lesions

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● Known as open comedones ● Follicles that have wider opening filled with sebum and dead cells

Blackheads

T/F: the dark color of the blackhead is caused by exposure of the top of the comedo to oxidization

True

● Known as closed comedones ● Follicles opening is closed and have normal skin color ● More likely to progress into inflammatory lesion

Whiteheads

Closed comedo becomes larger and packed due to debris and inflammation from P. acnes. When follicle ruptures, white blood cells and red blood cells migrate to contain rupture, and lesions turn red.

Inflammatory Lesions

Primary inflammatory lesions; small, raised, usually red, and tender bumps under the skin

Papules

Also called pimple; red tender bumps with white pus at the tip

Pustules

Deep lesions that are hard to touch, more painful, and deep red or purple of in color

Nodule

Large pus-filled lesions resulting from severe inflammatory reaction. Can result to scarring of acne

Cyst

T/F: The grading of acne is based on severity, including number of comedones, inflammatory lesions, total lesion count, and cysts

True

Grade of acne: limited to face, and characterized by presence of non-inflammatory closed and open comedones with few inflammatory lesions

Mild acne

Grade of acne: increased number of inflammatory papules and pustules on the face and affects other body parts (Common examples such as: back, chest, shoulders)

Moderate acne

Grade of acne: presence of nodules and cysts; facial lesions accompanied by widespread disease on the neck, chest, and back

Severe acne

Identify the topical treatment Non-antibiotic antimicrobial agent that kill bacteria by producing reactive oxygen species within clogged pores

benzoyl peroxide

Identify the topical treatment Increases cell turnover, cleans pores, desquamates skin, and has anti-inflammatory properties

benzoyl peroxide

Identify the topical treatment Mainstay treatment of mild to moderate acne, in combination with antibiotics and/or retinoids

benzoyl peroxide

Identify the topical treatment Topical OTC products at 2.5-10% concentration as creams, gels, lotions, and facial wash

benzoyl peroxide

Identify the topical treatment Side effects include peeling, dryness, burning, and redness of the skin

benzoyl peroxide

Identify the topical treatment Irritation resolves with continued use during 1st month of treatment

benzoyl peroxide

Identify the topical treatment Desquamating and comedolytic properties. Less potent and better tolerated than topical retinoids

salicylic acid

Identify the topical treatment OTC products at concentrations of 0.5-2% as lotions, creams, foams, facial wash gels, toners, and cleansing pads

salicylic acid

identify the topical treatment May cause skin dryness, redness, scaling, itching, and burning. Couple the use of these agents with sunblock/sunscreen

salicylic acid

Identify the topical treatment Available as creams, masks, ointments, and soap bars

Resorcinol and sulfur

identify the topical treatment Vitamin A derivatives that normalize abnormal desquamation in sebaceous follicles, decrease coherence of follicular keratinocytes, and prevent formation of new microcomedones

topical retinoids

identify the topical treatment Maybe used as monotherapy for the management of mild noninflammatory comedonal acne with maximum benefit after 3-4 mos., and as maintenance therapy

topical retinoids

identify the topical treatment tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene

topical retinoids

identify the topical treatment Prescription drug available as cream, gel, liquid, and microsphere formulations

topical retinoids

identify the topical treatment May cause transient skin irritation, burning sensation, redness, itching, and peeling. Negative effects can be prevented by using lower concentration of active ingredients or modifying the vehicle. Used according to its directions

topical retinoids

T/F: In topical retinoids, liquid vehicle would be more irritating (especially if alcohol based)

True

identify the topical treatment Used for mild or moderate acne with inflammatory lesions. Include clindamycin and erythromycin

topical antibiotics

identify the topical treatment With bacteriostatic and anti-inflammatory properties

topical antibiotics

identify the topical treatment Available as gels, creams, lotions, foams, toners, and pads

topical antibiotics

identify the topical treatment Combined with benzoyl peroxide (minimize bacterial resistance) and retinoids (synergistic comedolytic and anti inflammatory properties)

topical antibiotics

identify the topical treatment Alternative to retinoids; with comedolytic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties

azelaic acid

identify the topical treatment Part of the annex that list the ingredients that are not allowed for use in cosmetics. They are categorized as OTC drugs usually

azelaic acid

identify the systemic treatment With antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Include doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline, and erythromycin

oral antibiotics

identify the systemic treatment May cause upset stomach, dizziness, or skin discoloration

oral antibiotics

it is an oral antibiotic that can cause sun sensitivity

doxycycline

it is an oral antibiotic that can cause teeth discoloration

tetracycline

it is an oral antibiotic that can cause hyperpigmentation

minocycline

identify the systemic treatment Adjunct therapy in women with moderate to severe acne. Reduces and/or prevents outbreaks, but not effective for existing lesions

hormonal therapy

this form of hormonal therapy suppress ovarian androgen production

combination oral contraceptives

this form of horomonal therapy block effect of androgens on the sebaceous gland

androgen receptor blockers

examples of androgen receptor blockers

spironolactone, cyproterone, and flutamide

identify the systemic treatment Used as adjunct therapy in combination with topical retinoids

hormonal therapy

identify the systemic treatment May cause headache, breast tenderness, nausea and depression; increased risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, and blood clots

hormonal treatment

identify the systemic treatment Oral retinoid for the treatment of moderate to severe acne that does not respond to other treatments

isotretinoin

T/F: isotretinoin is used as a first-line oral retinoid

False. It is used as a last resort

identify the systemic treatment Targets all major components in acne development, and may be used as monotherapy

isotretinoin

identify the systemic treatment May cause dryness of the skin, eyes, mouth, lips, and nose; itching; nosebleeds; muscle aches; sun sensitivity; and poor night vision

isotretinoin

identify the systemic treatment May increase levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood, and increase liver enzyme levels

isotretinoin

identify the systemic treatment May cause malformation of developing fetus (teratogenic). When using this, make sure the patient is not pregnant or no plans in being pregnant

isotretinoin

identify the treatment, other than topical or systemic AHAs desquamate the SC and give a smoother appearance

chemical peels

this is a chemical peel that has moderate growth inhibitory and bactericidal effect on Propionibacterium acnes

glycolic acid

identify the treatment, other than topical or systemic By squeezing with fingertips and using a comedone extractor

comedo extraction

identify the treatment, other than topical or systemic Include broad-spectrum continuous-wave visible light, intense pulsed light, pulsed dye lasers, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and pulsed diode laser

optical therapies

T/F: optical therapies should be used intermittently

True

identify the treatment, other than topical or systemic Include herbal ingredients like aloe vera, fruit-derived acids, and tea tree oil

herbal and alternative therapies

identify the treatment, other than topical or systemic avoiding oily foods, reducing chocolates, reducing dairy consumption, and not eating nuts

dietary restriction

Bonus question: Who has a perfect, glass skin and has a very glowing skin everyday?

Andre Martin E. Marapao