what are some characteristics of M. Tuberculosis
slow growing organism, dormant–slow metabolism, rapid developing resistance
in active TB: has bloody sputum
what does MAC causes
pulmonary disease in immunocompetent individuals, and disseminated disease in AIDS.
Acquired through respiratory droplets
which drugs are in active and latent phases of TB
INH, Rifampin
adverse effects of Isoniazid
hepatitis–increased with age, and greater in individuals w/ alcoholics, peripheral neuropathy
what is Rifampin used for
Active TB/latent TB, mycobacterial infection(MAC), Leprosy
how do you tx a patient with HIV and TB
Rifabutin + INH
what is the combo therapy for MAC pulmonary infection
macrolide ( clarithromycin or azithromycin), rifabutin/rifampin, ethambutol, +/- streptomycin
which drug is dependent on acidic environment?
Pyrazinamide
which is the essential component needed of multidrug combo in treating Active TB
Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol
Pyrazinamide side effect thats seen in nearly all patients
hyperuricemia
what is Ethambutol used in?
use exclusively as 4 combo drug for active TB tx, and combo therapy for MAC
which drug is the 1st drug to go to if there is a multidrug resistant strain for TB or MAC?
Streptomycin
what is used to treat leprosy
clofazimine, rifampin, dapsone
which drug can causes discoloration on skin?
clofazimine
prophylaxis for HIV
Clarithromycin, azithromycin
which drug has retrobulbar neuritis AE
Ethambutol
which drugs have hyperuricemia side effect?
Ethambutol, pyrazinamide
which drug penetrates cell poorly and only active against extracellular organisms
streptomycin
which drug inhibits protein synthesis
streptomycin
which antimicrobial drug has ototoxic and nephrotoxicity adverse effects
streptomycin
which drug inhibits arabinosyl transferases
ethambutol
which drug inhibits folic acid synthesis
Dapsone
which drug inhbits myecolic acid?
INH
WHich drug is delivered as prod drug and activated by Kat-G?
INH
which drug inhibits RNA synthesis
Rifampin
what are the prodrugs?
Pyrazinamide, INH
what is INH resistance
mutation in Kat G gene
overexpression of InhA protein
resistance of pyrazinamide
mutation on bacterial enzyme (to activate it)
streptomycin resistance
point mutation in ribosomal protein
