antibacterial agents

Question 1

which are beta lactamase resistance

Answer 1

very narrow spectrum:
methicillin
Oxacillin
Nafcillin

Cefepime–4th gen of cephalosproin

Aztreonam

Carbapenem

Question 2

which group of agents are used for surgical prophylaxis

Answer 2

1st gen cephalosporin: Cefazolin, Cephalexin

Question 3

most common adverse efefct for Carbapenem

Answer 3

GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 4

what does Imipenem bind to, to prevent kidney inactivating it?

Answer 4

Cilastatin

Question 5

Which drug causes flushing, “red man syndrome”

Answer 5

Vancomycin

Question 6

Adverse effects for Aminoglycoside?

Answer 6

nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

Question 7

What will cause resistance to aminoglycoside

Answer 7

enzymes altering chemical structure of drug

Question 8

which antibiotic agents are used as prophylaxis in HIV

Answer 8

Clarithromycin/Azithromycin

Question 9

which drugs has drug efflux resistance

Answer 9

macrolides, Tetracycline, Fluoroquinolone

Question 10

which tetracycline is used as antimalarial prophylaxis

Answer 10

Doxycycline

Question 11

Adverse effect for tetracycline?

Answer 11

Nutrient interaction: bind to Ca–>calcify tissue

photosensitivity to UV rays

Question 12

which drug cause RBC suppresion?

Answer 12

Chloramphenicol

Question 13

which protein synthesis inhibitor drug should be avoided for pregnancy and children

Answer 13

Tetracycline

Question 14

which antibiotic can cause Stevenjohnson syndrom

Answer 14

sulfonamide

Question 15

which drug suppresses bone marrow?

Answer 15

Trimethoprim

Question 16

Which drug causes Gray baby syndrome

Answer 16

Chloramphenicol

Question 17

which drug targets anaerobic transbacteria

Answer 17

Metronidazole

Question 18

what does pyrimethamine +sulfadiazine combo therapy treat

Answer 18

toxoplasmosis for AIDS

Question 19

which drug competes with PABA

Answer 19

Sulfonamides

Question 20

which drug group disrupts winding DNA and separtion of DNA strand

Answer 20

Fluoroquinolone

Question 21

which drug binds to divalent cations, and prevent absorption of nutrients?

Answer 21

Fluoroquinolone–too much Ca (for example) will inhibit absorption because body absorbs Ca instead of drug

Question 22

which drug causes QT prolongation

Answer 22

Fluoroqunolone

Question 23

what drug is a topical that usually is a combo with Bacitracin?

Answer 23

polymyxin

Question 24

which antibiotic causes myopathy?

Answer 24

Daptomycin

Question 25

which agent requires Ca++ to form pores on the mebrane

Answer 25

Daptomycin

Question 26

Which agent "punches wholes " through membrane

Answer 26

Polymyxin B

Question 27

which drug is very useful for resistant bacteria?

Answer 27

Linezolid

Question 28

what causes myelosuppression>

Answer 28

Linezolid

Question 29

which drugs inhibit PBP

Answer 29

All Beta lactams: Penecillin, Cephalosporin, Monobactam(Aztreonam), Carapenem

Question 30

which drug prevents elongation of peptidoglycan cell wal by binding to D-ALA D-ALA pentapeptide

Answer 30

vancomycin

Question 31

which drug blocsk incorporation of AA and nucleic acid into cell wall

Answer 31

Bacitracin

Question 32

which drug blocks the synthesis of UDP-N actylmurmamic acid

Answer 32

Fosfomycin

Question 33

what are the mechanism of resistance for beta lactam compounds

Answer 33

Expression of bta lactamase, alteration in PBP binding to drug, Alteration in porin function*

Question 34

what are the mechanism of resistances for Sulfonamide

Answer 34

- less sensitive drug target - increased synthesis of PABA - Scavenge or use other source of folid acid

Question 35

what are the mech of Resistance for Fluoroquinolone

Answer 35

Less sensitive drug target Transport drug out of cell (drug efflux)

Question 36

Mech of resistance for Chloramphenicol

Answer 36

expression of inactivating enzymse

Question 37

which drugs have resistance of drug efflux

Answer 37

Macrolide, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone

Question 38

which protein synthesis inhibitors bind to 30s subunit

Answer 38

Aminoglycoside, tetracycline

Question 39

which protein synthesis inhibitors bind to 50 subunit

Answer 39

Macrolide, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, Linezolid

Question 40

which drug inhibits the initial step of translation

Answer 40

Linezolid

Question 41

what are the DNA synthesis inhibitors

Answer 41

Anti-folate drugs (Sulfonamides, Trimethoprim, Metronidazole) , and DNA gyrase inhibitors (Fluoroquinolone)

Question 42

DNA gyrase inhibitors MOA

Answer 42

dirsrupting winding of DNA and sepration of DNA strand during transcription and translation

Question 43

Metronidazole MOA

Answer 43

prodrug-->reductase activate drug-->become free radical that disrup and damage DNA function

Question 44

Trimethoprim mOA

Answer 44

inhibitor of bacterial dihydrofolate reductase-->impair DNA synthesis

Question 45

which drug tx gonorrhea

Answer 45

ciprofloxacin

Question 46

which drug tx anthrax

Answer 46

ciprofoxacin

Question 47

what drug inhibits topoisomerase II and IV

Answer 47

Fluroquinolone