Antianginoase Flashcards

1
Q

Medicam care elib NO

A

-nitrati
-beta bloc(nebivolol,celiprolol)
-IECA(indirect prin legarea de recep de bradikinina)
-statine

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2
Q

Metab nitrati

A

-hepatic prin hidroliza de o reductaza dependenta de glutation
-si prin o aldehid dehidrogenaza
-sublingual biodisponibilitate mult mai mare(doza de 10 ori mai mica)

-sunt liposolubili

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3
Q

Nitrati-mecan de act

A

-se leaga de recep pt NO
-elib No
-formare S-nitrosotioli
-prin ei se stim guanilat ciclaza si duce la crestere cGMP
-asta duce la scadere Ca intracel si la vasodil(prin scaderea fosforilarii lanturilor usoare ale miozinei si astfel nu se mai poate cupla cu actina pt contractie)

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4
Q

Nitrati-farmacodinamica

A

-la doze terapeutice dau venodilatatie(scad presarcina) si pot da si arteriolodil la niv cap si gat(cefalee pulsatila si flushing)

-la doze terapeutice mari se produce si dilat artere(scade postsarcina),artieriolodilat sistemica care scade TA(hipoT staturala) si da o tahicardie reflexa

-produc si coronarodilat pe coronare mari epicardice chiar si oe cele cu stenoza excentrica

-nu se produce furt arterial pt ca nu dilata si coronarele mici

-corecteaza disfunctie endoteliala
-previne remodelare cord

-cel mai imp rol-scade necesar de O2
-vasodil pe circ colaterala in principal(pt ca in zona ischemica e deja dilat data de ischemie)

-are si ef antiagregant si antispastic

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5
Q

Nitrati-ef adv

A

-hipotens ortostat(doze mari prin arteriolodilat)-cu compensare simpatica
-cefalee pulsatila(dilat arteriola temporala si meningeala)-se da paracet cu 1h inainte de adm sau se scade doza
-flushing
-ameteli,tinitus
-rar-sincopa nitritoida,metHb(trat cu vitC,albastru de metilen iv)

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6
Q

Tolerant la nitrati

A

-la preparatele cu act de lunga durata ,la expunere prelungita la doze mari luate pt profilax crize
-se recomanda mici pauze de la adm(pe perioada noptii de ex)

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7
Q

Dependenta la nitrati

A

-apare coronarospasm dupa intrerupere adm
-de aceea nu se face intrerupere brusca tratam

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8
Q

Interactiuni nitrati

A

-+inh fosfodiesteraza 5-pt disfunctia erectila->hipotens f accentuata

-++inh citocrom P450(cimetidina,metronidazol,unele statine,macrolide)-creste tox inh fosfodiesteraza si mai tare
—>risc f mare accidente hipoT(se da agonisti alfa adrenergici sau NA)

-nu se adm cu bloc alfa la pac cu hiperplazie de prostata(se da tamsulosin-blocant selectiv recep alfa 1 A si D)

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9
Q

Nitrati-mod adm

A

-sublingual 1,5mg in max 15 min,daca nu trece chemat ambulanta(ef apare in 2-5 min si dur pana la 1h)
-oral pt profilax 2,5-7,5 pe doza de 2-4 ori pe zi cu pauza nocturna

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10
Q

Nitroglicerina iv-indicatii

A

-IMA
-angina instab
-HTA maligna
-EPA
-interv chir pe cord,creier,angioplastie coronariana percut

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11
Q

Nitrati-exemple

A

-isosorbid dinitrat
-se da si el sublingual 2,5-15mg in criza doar ca apare mai tarziu efectu decat la nitroglic ,in 3-4 min dar dureaza mai mult,3-4h
-sufera prim pasaj hep
-isosorbid mononitrat-nu sufera prim pasaj hep,nu se adm in criza

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12
Q

Nitrati-alte indicatii

A

-angina stabila -preventie se da trat oral cu elib prelung
-trat in criza-nitroglic sublingual

-instabia,IC acuta-NTG iv
-IC cronica-isosorbid mononitrat cu hidralazina
-colica bil-pt ca relax si extra-vasc

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13
Q

Betabloc in angina

A

-au si ef antiagregant si ef stabilizator de mb-care e benefic aici(antiaritmic)

Pentru:
-AP cronica stabila
-post IMA pt reducere remodelare si profilax crize AP
-AP instabila

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14
Q

Betabloc

A

-metoprolol-cel mai folosit in IMA
-bisoprolol-post IMA profilax aparitie IC

-Atenolol-e hidrosolubil,se adm in doza unica
-betaxolol-profilax crize

La pac cu fct renala compromisa-Metoprolol,Carvedilol pt ca se elim preponderent hepatic

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15
Q

BCC-efecte

A

-antianginoase
-antiaritmice
-antiATS

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16
Q

BCC-indicatii

A

-angina vasospastica Prinzmetal
-IMA cu contraindic la betabloc-verapamil sau diltiazem

17
Q

Nifedipina

A

-BCC
-nu se da la cardiopat isch cele cu durata scurta de act pt ca are ef compensator simpatic
-de electie din BCC-se dau cele cu elib prelung ,pt ca cele cu elib rapida dau rasp simpatic mai puternic si s a dovenit o crestere a mortalitatii

Contraindic
-stenoza aortica stransa
-cardiomiopat hipertrofica
-IC severa

R adv-edeme gambiere,flushing,ameteli

18
Q

Trat preferabil antianginos

A

1)beta bloc
2)BCC(DHP)
3)BCC(DHP)+BETA BLOC
4)+ivabradina,nitrati,trimetazidina,ranolazina

19
Q

Ivabradina

A

-CORLENTOR
-inh activit nod sinusal fara afectare forta de contractie

Indicatii
-AP cronica stabila cu ritm sinusal si frecv>70 cu contraindic la beta bloc
-IC cu beta bloc ,la care nu merge trat doar cu beta bloc
-IC cronica -NYHA 2-4 cu disfuctie sistolica,ritm sinusal,frecv>75

-daca avem bradicardie ce persista chiar daca scadem doza-at oprim trat

20
Q

Alte antianginoase exemple

A

-Molsidomina-ef ca nitratii,nu da toleranta

-Nicorandil-elib NO si activator canale K,nu da toleranta,ca r adv da roseata si ulceratii mucoase

-Trimetazidina(PREDUCTAL)
-vasodil coronarian
-moduleaza metab miocardite expuse la hipoxie(reduce oxidare acizi grasi,fav oxigare glucoza)
-amelioreaza param glucidici la diabetici
-nu modif frecv card
-se da impr cu nitratii
-contraindic la boala Parkinson,tulb mers,tremur,rigiditate

21
Q

Alte antianginoase 2

A

-Ranolazina
-inh curent tardiv de Na(scade Ca intracel,scade tens perete ventric si necesar de O2)
-nu modif frecv card si TA
-nu se adm cu inh puternici CYP3A(ketoconazol si claritromicina)
-nu se adm la IH,la pac cu interval QT prelungit(pt ca il prelungeste in plus)
-se scade doza la adm cu inh moderati de CYP3A (verapamil,diltiazem,eritromicina,suc de grapefruit)
-se scade doza la IR

-Alopurinol

-IECA

22
Q

Nu se da la pac cu AP stabila si Ic

A

-asoc intre ivabradina,nicorandil sau ranolazina

-asoc intre nacorandil si nitrati