ANTIBODIES & CYTOKINES

Question 1

Antibodies are Gamma globulins found from gamma region of electrophoresis, except for IgA that is found in

Answer 1

Beta region

Question 2

Main cause of intravascular hemolysis

Answer 2

Complement proteins

Question 3

Cause of extravascular hemolysis

Answer 3

Spleen

Question 4

Determines immunoglobulin Ig class

Answer 4

Heavy chain

Question 5

Light chain : KAPPA LAMBDA RATIO

Answer 5

2:!

Question 6

Flexible part of immunoglobulin ; high in proline

Answer 6

Hinge region

Question 7

Heavy chain that determines Ig class

Answer 7

Isotope

Question 8

Variation in the constant region of both HC and LC

Answer 8

ALLOTYPE

Question 9

Variation in the variable region of both HC and LC

Answer 9

IDIOTYPE

Question 10

Order of immunoglobulins according to serum concentration

Answer 10

GAMDE

Question 11

Ig abundant in secretion

Answer 11

IgA

Question 12

Smallest, coating antibody ; warm reacting ; produced during secondary immune response ; best known for complement activation via the classical cascade

Answer 12

IgG

Question 13

67% of IgG ; BEST IMMUNOPLACENTAL

Answer 13

IgG1

Question 14

22% of IgG

Answer 14

IgG2

Question 15

7% of IgG ; BEST IN ACTIVATION

Answer 15

IgG3

Question 16

4% of IgG

Answer 16

IgG4

Question 17

Basis of differentiating subclasses

Answer 17

Disulfide bond

Question 18

Basis of differentiation of immunoglobulins

Answer 18

Heavy chains

Question 19

Largest ; cold reacting agglutinin ; secreted into the blood in the early stages of a primary antibody response

Answer 19

IgM

Question 20

First class of antibody to be produced by developing B cells

Answer 20

IgM

Question 21

The pentamer form of IgM is found in _____ whereas the monomer form is found on the _____

Answer 21

Serum or plasma ; surface of B cells

Question 22

Mucosal immunity ; anti inflammatory agent ; major antibody on secretions ; associated with anaphylaxis

Answer 22

IgA

Question 23

IgA type found in serum ; monomer

Answer 23

Type 1

Question 24

IgA type found in secretion ; dimmer

Answer 24

Type 2

Question 25

Found in surface of mature B cells

Answer 25

IgD

Question 26

Antibody for immunoregulation

Answer 26

IgD

Question 27

IgD is postulated to be an _____ antibody

Answer 27

Anti-idiotypic

Question 28

Least antibody ; most heat labile

Answer 28

IgE

Question 29

Antibody that has the ability to attach to human skin (Homocytotrophic antibody) and

Answer 29

IgE

Question 30

Antibody that has the ability to attach to human skin

Answer 30

Homocytotrophic antibody

Question 31

Antibody that initiates aspect of the allergic reaction

Answer 31

reagenic antibody

Question 32

Has high affinity to basophil and mast cells

Answer 32

IgE

Question 33

Antibody portion that binds to the target cells

Answer 33

Fc portion

Question 34

Antibody portion that binds the allergen

Answer 34

Fab portion

Question 35

Best indication of a current infection is a ______ in antibody titer when comparing two serum samples collected from a patient during the beginning and later stages of the infection

Answer 35

Four fold rise

Question 36

One Light chain and one half of a Heavy chain held together by disulfide bond

Answer 36

Fab

Question 37

Represent the Carboxy-terminal halves of the two H chains

Answer 37

Fc fragments

Question 38

Cut monomer exactly at the Hinge region, monomer is cut into 3 parts

Answer 38

Papain

Question 39

Cut monomer below the hinge region , monomer is cut into 2 parts

Answer 39

Pepsin

Question 40

Lymphocyte are genetically preprogrammed to produce one type of Ig and that a particular cells capable of responding to it, causing them to proliferate

Answer 40

Clonal selection

Question 41

Certain cells had specific receptors for antigen that were present before contact with antigen occurred Key principles -lock and key concept - antigen selected cells with the builds in capacity to respond to it

Answer 41

Ehrlich’s side chain theory

Question 42

Initial force of attraction between single Fab and epitope

Answer 42

Affinity

Question 43

Sum of all attractive forces between antigen and antibody

Answer 43

Avidity

Question 44

Immune response phase: no antibody production

Answer 44

Lag phase

Question 45

Immune response phase: with antibody production

Answer 45

Log phase

Question 46

Immune response phase: antibody production = antibody degradation (plateau - highest titer)

Answer 46

Stationary

Question 47

Immune response phase: low antibody production ; high antibody degradation

Answer 47

Decline

Question 48

Longer lag ; low antibody production; IgM ; abrupt decrease

Answer 48

Primary response

Question 49

Shorter lag ; increased antibody production ; IgG ; slow decrease

Answer 49

Secondary response

Question 50

Purified antibodies cloned from a single cell ; used for the analysis of cell membrane antigens

Answer 50

Monoclonal antibodies

Question 51

Polyclonal antibodies came from

Answer 51

Rabbit

Question 52

Monoclonal antibodies came from

Answer 52

Mice

Question 53

Most to least immunogenic monoclonal antibodies

Answer 53

Mouse > chimeric > humanisec > human

Question 54

Used for treatment of cancer and autoimmune diseases

Answer 54

Monoclonal antibodies

Question 55

Main concern for monoclonal antibodies

Answer 55

Highly immunogenic

Question 56

Drug that prevents myeloma cells from making their own purines and pyrimidines

Answer 56

Aminopterin

Question 57

Generic terms for soluble mediators ; regulates the immune system

Answer 57

Cytokines

Question 58

Cytokine binds to receptor on cell that secreted it

Answer 58

Autocrine

Question 59

Cytokine binds to receptors on near by cells

Answer 59

Paracrine

Question 60

Cytokine binds cells in distant parts of the body

Answer 60

Endocrine

Question 61

Function primarily in immune cell differentiation and activation

Answer 61

Interleukins

Question 62

Interleukin : endogenous pyrogen

Answer 62

IL-1

Question 63

Interleukin : T cell growth factor ; Formerly called as CD25

Answer 63

IL-2

Question 64

Interleukin responsible for growth and differentiation of B and T cells ; induces lytic activity of the NK cells

Answer 64

IL — 2

Question 65

Interleukin that stimulates B cells to become plasma cells ; induces CD4+ cells to produce cytokines

Answer 65

IL — 6

Question 66

Interleukin that regulates Th2 immune activities ; helps drives antibody response

Answer 66

IL — 4

Question 67

Interleukin with inhibitory effect to the immune systems

Answer 67

IL — 10

Question 68

Proteins produced by virally infected cells and protect the neighboring cells ; exert a virus-nonspecific but host specific anti-viral activity

Answer 68

Interferon

Question 69

Interferon type : non-immune, product of initial response to viral infection

Answer 69

Type 1 interferon : Alpha and Beta

Question 70

Interferon type 1 : secreted by leukocytes ; major producer : null lymphocytes/NK cells

Answer 70

Interferon alpha

Question 71

Interferon type 1 : secreted by double stranded RNA fibroblast

Answer 71

Interferon Beta

Question 72

Major produces of interferon alpha

Answer 72

Null lymphoctes / NK cells

Question 73

Major producers of interferon beta

Answer 73

Fibroblast and epithelial cells

Question 74

Interferon type : immune component of the specific immune response to vital and other pathogens

Answer 74

Interferon gamma

Question 75

Major producers of interferon gamma

Answer 75

Th1 cells

Question 76

Cytotoxic activity against tumor cells and virally infected cells

Answer 76

Tumor necrosis factor

Question 77

TNF : produced by macrophages aka cachectin

Answer 77

TNF Alpha

Question 78

TNF: produced by CD4 and CD8 cells aka lymphotoxin

Answer 78

TNF beta

Question 79

Enhances motility and promote migration or white blood cells

Answer 79

Chemokines

Question 80

Release by platelets during coagulation

Answer 80

Betalysin

Question 81

Induces anti proliferation activity in a wide variety of types

Answer 81

Transforming growth factor B

Question 82

Control to help downregulate the inflammatory response when no longer needed

Answer 82

Transforming growth factor B