Antidiuretic hormone disorders (ADH)

Question 1

What disorder is characterized by HIGH ADH?

Answer 1

SIADH

Question 2

What disorder is characterized by LOW ADH?

Answer 2

Diabetes Insipidus (DI)

Question 3

What happens in SIADH?

Answer 3

abnormal production or sustained ADH secretion causing fluid retention in the body.

Question 4

What causes SIADH?

Answer 4

malignant tumors, CNS disorders such as stroke and head trauma, drug therapy such as morphine or SSRIs, hypothyroidism, and infection

Question 5

Increased ADH causes…

Answer 5

Water reabsorption

Question 6

Water Reabsorption causes…

Answer 6

increased intravascular fluid volume

Question 7

Increased intravascular volume causes…

Answer 7

dilutional hyponatremia and lowered serum osmolality

Question 8

Weight gain occurs in which disorder?

Answer 8

SIADH

Question 9

Weight loss occurs in which disorder?

Answer 9

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 10

Low serum osmolality, sodium, and urine output are characteristic of which disorder?

Answer 10

SIADH

Question 11

High serum osmolality, sodium, and urine output are characteristic of which disorder?

Answer 11

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 12

High urine osmolality and specific gravity are characteristic of which disorder?

Answer 12

SIADH

Question 13

Low urine osmolality and specific gravity are characteristic of which disorder?

Answer 13

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 14

Signs and symptoms of SIADH are associated with which electrolyte deficiency?

Answer 14

Hyponatremia

Question 15

Clinical manifestations of SIADH/Hyponatremia include?

Answer 15

dyspnea, fatigue, decreased senses, confusion, lethargy, convulsions, muscle twitching, impaired taste, anorexia, vomiting, and cramps

Question 16

Which sodium level can cause irreversible neuro damage?

Answer 16

<100-115

Question 17

What is the first-line treatment for SIADH?

Answer 17

treat the underlying cause

Question 18

What happens in Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 18

excessive water loss in the urine causing hyponatremia and decreased intravascular volume

Question 19

What is Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 19

ADH deficiency caused by hypothalamus or posterior pituitary damage associated with stroke, TBI, brain surgery, and brain infections

Question 20

What is the onset of neurogenic DI like?

Answer 20

sudden onset and usually permanent

Question 21

What is the onset of nephrogenic DI like?

Answer 21

slow onset and progressive

Question 22

What is Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

Answer 22

loss of kidney function often associated with lithium or chronic kidney disease

Question 23

How will Diabetes Isnipidus manifest as?

Answer 23

polyuria, polydipsia, dehydration, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and possible hypovolemic shock

Question 24

What is the neurogenic DI treatment?

Answer 24

Desmopressin (synthetic ADH replacement)

Question 25

What is the nephrogenic DI treatment?

Answer 25

Thiazide diuretics

Question 26

What does “DILUTE” stand for?

Answer 26

Dry, daily weights
I + O’s
Low specific gravity
Urinates loads
Treat = Desmopression
rEhydrate