Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Patho Pharm 3 > Exam #2 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam #2 Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of pancrelipase?

A

to replace pancreatic enzymes in individuals with chronic pancreatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When should you give pancrelipase?

A

with every meal and snack a patient consumes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the drug Interferon 1a/b?

A

It inhibits pro-inflammatory White blood cells from crossing the Blood Brain Barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does Interferon 1a/b affect those with MS?

A

reduces relapse by 30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What patient education would you provide for an individual newly prescribed the drug Interferon 1a/b?

A

You will have to have IM injections of the drug weekly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which adverse effects would you expect to see in someone taking Interferon 1a/b?

A

sore throat, cough, fever (flu-like), liver toxicity, bone marrow suppression, depression, and various drug interactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the drug Glatiramer Acetate?

A

It increases the production of Anti-inflammatory T-cells which cross the blood-brain barrier and suppresses the anti-inflammatory responses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What patient education would you provide for an individual newly prescribed the drug Glatiramer Acetate?

A

You will have to have IM injections of the drug weekly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which adverse effects would you expect to see in someone taking Glatiramer acetate?

A

injection site reactions such as redness and swelling and post-injection rxns. such as flushing, palpitations, rash, and cheat pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What adverse effect of Glatiramer acetate would require immediate intervention by the nurse?

A

laryngeal constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which oral MS medication is used for relaxing-remitting multiple sclerosis?

A

Fingolimod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of the oral drug Fingolimod?

A

it retains lymphocytes in the lymph nodes, preventing them from crossing the blood-brain barrier which decreases inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is thought to happen in the body when a patient is given oral Dimethyl Fumarate?

A

thought to inhibit immune cells and anti-oxidant properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How and why is natalizumab given?

A

as an IV infusion monotherapy for Multiple sclerosis and Crohn’s disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the drug Natalizumab?

A

prevents circulating T-cells from leaving the vasculature and crossing the blood-brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What adverse effect of Natalizumab causes it to be on the “TOUCH” protocol?

A

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy?

A

a neurological disorder characterized by destruction of cells that produce myelin, an oily substance that helps protect nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, also known as central nervous system (CNS) white matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What other adverse effects of Natalizumab can you expect?

A

H/A, fatigue, hepatotoxicity, and hypersensitivity rxns.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is Rizuole used to treat?

A

ALS (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does Rizuole treat ALS?

A

It is a glutamate inhibitor that blocks receptor sites which results in a decreased amount of glutamate and a reduction of motor neuron damage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Can Rizuole lengthen the life expectancy of those with ALS (3 years)?

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What adverse effects can you expect with Rizuole?

A

dizziness, GI upset, and hepatotoxicty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the combo of levodopa and carbidopa used for and why is it effective?

A

Used for Parkinson’s Disease since levodopa converts into dopamine in the body and the carbidopa prevents destruction of this levodopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How effective is levodopa/carbidopa on Parkinson’s Disease?

A

it is the most effective but takes a few months to work and the drug gradually wears off after a while

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the on/off phenomenon?

A

when there is a abrupt loss of affect on PD symptoms with the drug Levodopa/Carbidopa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What decreases the effectiveness of levodopa/carbidopa?

A

Vitamin B6, antipsychotics, and protein (food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What increases the effectiveness of levodopa/carbidopa?

A

Carbidopa, Anticholinergics (atropine, and MAOI’s (can cause toxicity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the adverse effects of levodopa/carbidopa that you should educate your patient on?

A

Nausea and vomiting, dyskinesias, psychosis, dysrhythmias, postural hypotension, dark sweat + urine, can reactivate old malignant melanomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is Duopa?

A

Levodopa/carbidopa that is given in a J-Tube

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What should you educate your patient on who is receiving Duopa in their J-Tube?

A

do not take anti-hypertensives, MAOIs, protein, iron, vitamins, antipsychotics, metoclopramide, or isoniazid while taking this drug

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What adverse effects can you expect with Duopa?

A

sleep attacks, unusual urges, dyskinesias, depression, hallucinations, orthostatic HOTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How does pramipexole work for those with Parkinson’s Disease?

A

It acts as a dopamine receptor agonist to increase the amount of dopamine in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Why would an individual receive pramipexole?

A

if they are on levodopa, got diagnosed with PD early in life, or if they have restless leg syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What adverse effects can you expect with pramipexole?

A

sleep attacks, gambling, compulsiveness, and nausea

35
Q

What kind of Parkinson’s Disease would require ropinirole?

A

idiopathic Parkinson’s disease and acts as a dopamine receptor agonist

36
Q

What adverse effects can you expect with Ropinirole?

A

sleep attacks, gambling, compulsiveness, nausea, Diabetes Mellitus, Acromegaly

37
Q

Why are MAO-B inhibitors used for Parkinson’s Disease?

A

it inhibits monoamine oxidase from degrading dopamine in the body

38
Q

What disorder is Neostigmine indicated for?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

39
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Neostigmine?

A

Inhibits the hydrolysis of acetylcholine by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase at sites of cholinergic transmission. It enhances cholinergic action by facilitating the transmission of impulses across neuromuscular junctions; prevents acetylcholine INactivation

40
Q

What are the muscarinic effects of Neostigmine?

A

increased mouth secretions, increased GI motility, diarrhea, bronchial constriction, urinary urgency, bradycardia, miosis (constriction of eyes), near-sightedness

41
Q

What drug class is Neostigmine?

A

cholinergic drug

42
Q

What drug class is Atropine?

A

anti-cholinergic drug

43
Q

What are the neuromuscular effects of Neostigmine?

A

increased muscle contraction

44
Q

what happens with a toxic dose of neostigmine?

A

decreased muscle contraction

45
Q

What is a cholinergic crisis?

A

extreme muscle weakness or paralysis that occurs with excessive muscarinic effects

46
Q

how would the nurse treat a cholinergic crisis?

A

ventilator and intubation, Med-Alert bracelet, or atropine

47
Q

What are the bodily effects of atropine?

A

decreased GI motility, constipation, dry mouth, urinary retention, tachycardia, bronchodilation, and mydriasis

48
Q

What is demeclocycline used for?

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate AntiDiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

49
Q

What kind of drug is demeclocycline?

A

TCA broad-spectrum antibiotic

50
Q

How does demeclocycline work?

A

interferes wuth renal ADH response

51
Q

What are the major adverse effects of demeclocycline?

A

TEETH STAINING, photosensitivity, and nephrotoxicity

52
Q

When is the use of Desmopressin (DDAVP) indicated?

A

in Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus where there is no ADH (excessive peeing)

53
Q

What is Desmopressin used for in Diabetes Insipidus?

A

used as a synthetic ADH replacement

54
Q

What routes can you give Desmopressin?

A

nasal spray, PO, IV, SQ

55
Q

What effects of desmopressin would you expect to see with the nasal spray?

A

nasal irritation

56
Q

What effects of desmopressin would you expect if it is given in large doses?

A

hyponatremia and water intoxication

57
Q

What disorder is aminoglutethimide used for?

A

Cushing Syndrome (hypercortisolism)

58
Q

What is the mechanism of action of aminoglutethimide?

A

temporarily decreases cortisol production and blocks the synthesis of ALL adrenal steroids

59
Q

What are some adverse effects of aminoglutethimide?

A

drowsiness, nausea, anorexia, and a rash

60
Q

How much does aminoglutethimide lower cortisol levels?

A

50%

61
Q

Why is ketoconazole given to individuals who have Cushing Syndrome?

A

this antifungal inhibits glucocorticoid (cortisol) synthesis and is given alongside surgical interventions

62
Q

What education should you give to patients prescribed ketoconazole?

A

it can have toxic liver effects so you cannot take it with alcohol or if you are pregnant

63
Q

When is the use of Phenobenzamine HCl indicated?

A

it is indicated for those with pheochromocytoma

64
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Phenoxyxybenzamine HCl?

A

a long-lasting and irreversible blockage of alpha receptors to lower blood pressure

65
Q

What are the possible adverse effects of Phenoxybenzamine HCl?

A

orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia, nasal congestion, and sexual side effects in men

66
Q

What is levothyroxine used for?

A

hypothyroidism (high TSH, low T3 and T4)

67
Q

What is the mechanism of action of levothyroxine?

A

it is a synthetic T4 hormone that is converted to T3 in the body

68
Q

is the half-life of levothyroxine?

A

7 days

69
Q

What is propylthiouracil used for?

A

hyperthyroidism (low TSH, High T3 and T3)/Grave’s Disease

70
Q

What is the mechanism of action of propylthiouracil?

A

it is an antithyroid hormone that blocks thyroid hormone synthesis of T3 and T4

71
Q

What are the warnings associated with propylthiouracil?

A

can cause hepatotoxicity and should be used with caution in the 1st trimester of pregnancy

72
Q

what drugs can be given for multiple sclerosis?

A

Interferon beta 1a/b, Glatiramer Acetate, Fingolimid, Dimetyl fumarate, Natlizamab

73
Q

What is the only approved drug for ALS?

A

Riluzole

74
Q

Which drugs can be given for Parkinson’s Disease?

A

Levodopa/carbidopa, Duopa, Pramipexole, Ropinirole, MAO-B inhibitors

75
Q

What drug can be given for Myasthenia Gravis?

A

Neostigmine

76
Q

What drug can be given for SIADH?

A

Demelocycline

77
Q

What drug can be given for Neurogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

A

Desmopressin

78
Q

What drug can be given for Cushing Syndrome?

A

Aminoglutethimide and Ketoconazole

79
Q

What drug can be given for Pheochromocytoma?

A

Phenoxybenzamine HCl

80
Q

What drug can be given for hypothyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine

81
Q

What drug can be given for Hyperthyroidism/Grave’s Disease?

A

Propylthiouracil

82
Q

What drug can be given for Hypoparathyroidism?

A

replacement PTH, Calcium, and VItamin D

83
Q

What drug can be given for Hyperparathyroidism?

A

diuretics, calcitonin

Patho Pharm 3 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions