Antimicrobial

Question 1

maintains activity against most macrolide- resistant gram-positive organisms and does not induce a common macrolide resistance mechanism

Answer 1

Ketolides (Telithromycin)

Question 2

inhibits the addition of amino acids to the growing peptide chain by reversibly binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit, inhibiting transpeptidation

Answer 2

Chloramphenicol

Question 3

Lipopeptide agent for gram negative bacteria that could also be toxic to humans

Answer 3

Polymyxins

Question 4

Example for this resistance mechanism is:
Staphylococcal resistance to
penicillin; resistance of
Enterobacteriaceae and
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
to several penicillins, cephalosporins, and aztreonam

Answer 4

Enzymatic destruction

Question 5

broad spectrum of activity but is bacteriostatic

Answer 5

Tetracyclines

Question 6

penicillin-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae)

Answer 6

Spread of “old” genes to new hosts

Question 7

Examples of β-Lactam antibiotics

Answer 7

penicillins, cephalosporins

Question 8

Example for this resistance mechanism is: Enterococcal and Staphylococcus aureus resistance to vancomycin

Answer 8

Altered target

Question 9

Inhibit protein synthesis-interfere with the binding of the tRNA-amino acid complexes to the ribosome

Answer 9

Tetracyclines

Question 10

Example for this resistance mechanism is: Enterococcal resistance to streptomycin (may also be mediated
by enzymatic modifications)

Answer 10

Altered target

Question 11

Lipopeptide agent for gram positive

Answer 11

Daptomycin

Question 12

this enzyme is capable of opening the beta-lactam ring
once it opens the beta-lactam ring it will alter its structure
and would prevent its subsequent binding to your penicillin binding proteins.

Answer 12

beta lactamase

Question 13

Inhibit protein synthesis-by blocking the initiation step and translocation of peptidyl- tRNA from the A site to the P site

Answer 13

Oxazolidinones

Question 14

Effective on most Aerobic Gram negative and certain gram positive bacteria (S.aureus)

Answer 14

Aminoglycosides

Question 15

Resistance resulting from altered cellular physiology and structure caused by changes in a microorganism’s genetic makeup

Answer 15

Acquired resistance

Question 16

Protein synthesis is inhibited by drug binding to the 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) on the bacterial 50S ribosomal subunit and subsequent disruption of
the growing peptide chain by blocking of translocation.

Answer 16

Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin group

Question 17

methicillin-resistant
staphylococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci)

Answer 17

Emergence of “new” genes

Question 18

Inhibit protein synthesis-binding to protein receptors on the organism’s 30S ribosomal subunit

Answer 18

Aminoglycosides

Question 19

Antimicrobial agent good for Gram-positive and gram negative (except P. aeruginosa)

Answer 19

Sulfamethoxazole

Question 20

Act by binding PBPs (penicillin-binding proteins)

Answer 20

β-Lactam antibiotics

Question 21

β-lactamase–mediated resistance to advanced cephalosporins in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp.

Answer 21

Mutations of “old” genes resulting in more potent
resistance

Question 22

most common Quinolones

Answer 22

Ciprofloxacin

Question 23

Effective for Gram positive bacteria, mycoplasmas, treponemes, and rickettsiae

Answer 23

Macrolides

Question 24

effective for Anaerobic gram-positive bacteria

Answer 24

Lincosamides

Question 25

Chemical derivatives of erythromycin A and other macrolides (); Inhibit protein synthesis-bind to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome

Answer 25

Ketolides (Telithromycin)

Question 26

Example for this resistance mechanism is: Gram-positive and gram-negative resistance to aminoglycosides

Answer 26

Enzymatic modification

Question 27

Disrupt the folic acid pathway

Answer 27

Sulfonamides

Question 28

Example for this resistance mechanism is: Aminoglycoside resistance in a variety of gram-negative bacteria

Answer 28

Decreased uptake

Question 29

because of the large size of these compounds they cannot penetrate to the outer membrane of most of your gram negatives

Answer 29

Glycopeptides (Vancomycin)

Question 30

part of the molecule was produced by the fermentation process using the appropriate microorganisms and the product is then further modified by a chemical process

Answer 30

Semi-synthetic

Question 31

Example for this resistance mechanism is: P. aeruginosa resistance to imipenem

Answer 31

Decreased uptake

Question 32

Binds to and disrupts the cell membrane and inserts its hydrophobic tail into the membrane, disrupting the cell membrane and increasing its permeability, which results in cell death

Answer 32

Lipopeptide

Question 33

Resistance resulting from the normal genetic,structural, or physiologic state of microorganisms

Answer 33

Intrinsic resistance

Question 34

Potent bactericidal agents and have a broad spectrum of activity

Answer 34

Quinolones

Question 35

Binds to the end of peptidoglycan

Answer 35

Glycopeptides

Question 36

Example for this resistance mechanism is: Staphylococcal resistance to methicillin and other available beta-lactams

Answer 36

Altered target

Question 37

Inhibit bacterial growth but generally do not kill the organism

Answer 37

Bacteriostatic Agents

Question 38

semisynthetic antibiotics that bind to the enzyme DNA-dependent RNA polymerase and inhibit synthesis of RNA

Answer 38

Rifampin

Question 39

Identify Antimicrobial agent classification: penicillins, cephalosporins

Answer 39

β-Lactam antibiotics

Question 40

Identify Antimicrobial agent classification: Vancomycin

Answer 40

Glycopeptides

Question 41

Identify Antimicrobial agent classification: daptomycin)

Answer 41

Lipopeptides

Question 42

Identify Antimicrobial agent classification: Sulfamethoxazole

Answer 42

Sulfonamides

Question 43

ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin)

Answer 43

Fluoroquinolones

Question 44

telithromycin

Answer 44

Ketolides

Question 45

erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

Answer 45

Macrolides

Question 46

Doxycycline or minocycline

Answer 46

Tetracyclines

Question 47

linezolid and tedizolid

Answer 47

Oxazolidinones

Question 48

Quinupristin-dalfopristin

Answer 48

Streptogramins