Staining technique (LAB)

Question 1

Decolorizing agent of AFB stain

Answer 1

Acid-Alcohol (3% hCl + 95% Ethanol)

Question 2

used to intensify the color of the primary stain of Gram’s

Answer 2

mordant

Question 3

What result will be if at least one sputum smear is positive for AFB

Answer 3

Positive

Question 4

Fixation is done through______ or _____

Answer 4

Slide warmer /Heating , or
95% methanol

Question 5

_______contribute to the ability of gram positive organisms to resist alcohol decolorization

Answer 5

teichoic acid cross-links / teichoic acid cross-links

Question 6

Gram stain is considered a __________

Answer 6

differential stain

Question 7

render the
cells resistant to
decolorization in AFB stain

Answer 7

Mycolic acid

Question 8

Nearly all clinically important bacteria can be detected using gram staining method, the only exceptions being those organisms that exist ________, _____, and ________

Answer 8

Exclusively within host cell, lack cell wall , and Insufficient dimension on light microscope

Question 9

Negative result for AFB requires _____ negative

Answer 9

both sputum smears (2 samples)

Question 10

Kind of fixation that preserves the morphology
of host cells, as well as bacteria, and is especially useful for
examining bloody specimens

Answer 10

Methanol fixation

Question 11

He first devised gram staining during the late nineteenth century

Answer 11

Hans Christian Gram

Question 12

In order to establish a color contrast, the
third reagent used in Gram staining is the

Answer 12

decolorizing agent

Question 13

enhance sputum quality detection by acid-fast stain and culture

Answer 13

Decontamination / Digestion

Question 14

preparation of the primary clinical sample received in the laboratory for processing

Answer 14

Direct Smear

Question 15

contains a highly crossed linked layer of peptidoglycan that retains the primary dye

Answer 15

Gram positive

Question 16

Commonly, indirect smears use ___

Answer 16

pipette

Question 17

Application of
safranin: Gram-positive cells are ____ ; gram-negative cells are _____

Answer 17

purple, pink

Question 18

Commonly, direct smears use ____

Answer 18

swabs

Question 19

during 95% alcohol wash: Gram-positive cells are purple; gram-negative
cells are _____

Answer 19

colorless

Question 20

the acid-fast stain is only performed on specimens from
patients highly suspected of having a _____

Answer 20

mycobacterial infection

Question 21

a staining step of Gram’s that distinguishes gram-positive
from gram-negative cells

Answer 21

decolorization

Question 22

chemical differentiation of organisms

Answer 22

Differential Stain

Question 23

AFB staining’s primary stain

Answer 23

Carbol Fuchsin

Question 24

Bacterial group that take up the basic dye, crystal violet

Answer 24

gram positive bacteria

Question 25

designed for a subset ofbacteria whose cell walls contain long chain fatty (mycolic) acids

Answer 25

Acid-Fast Staining

Question 26

Indirect smears may include preparation from _______

Answer 26

solid or semisolid media or broth

Question 27

For staining microorganisms grown in culture or an indirect smear, a sterile ________ may be used to transfer a small amount of growth from a solid medium to the surface of the slide

Answer 27

loop or needle

Question 28

AFB interpretation: 10-99 AFB in 1 length

Answer 28

1+

Question 29

The procedure requires heat to allow the primary stain (carbolfuchsin) to enter the wax-containing cell wall

Answer 29

ZIEHL-NEELSEN

Question 30

Standard measurement for AFB smearing

Answer 30

3cm x 2cm

Question 31

Mordant for Gram stain

Answer 31

Gram iodine

Question 32

Decolorizer for Gram stain

Answer 32

acetone/alcohol

Question 33

Acid-fast–positive bacilli color

Answer 33

Red

Question 34

The Gram stain differentiates between bacteria based on the composition of their

Answer 34

cell walls

Question 35

Gram negative color

Answer 35

Pink

Question 36

applied after the crystal violet to chemically bond the alkaline dye to the iodine, forming a CV-I complex and cross-linking the complex in the bacterial cell wall

Answer 36

mordant (Gram's iodine (I) )

Question 37

Acid-Fast negative bacilli color

Answer 37

Blue

Question 38

Primary stain for Gram's

Answer 38

Crystal violet

Question 39

counterstain for Gram's

Answer 39

safranin

Question 40

AFB stain counterstain

Answer 40

Methylene Blue

Question 41

Cold method of AFB stain that does not require the use of heat or boiling water, minimizing safety concerns during the procedure

Answer 41

Kinyoun acid-fast method

Question 42

All smears should be ________ before staining

Answer 42

air dried

Question 43

indicates that the primary sample has been processed in culture and the smear contains organisms obtained after purification or growth on artificial media

Answer 43

indirect smear

Question 44

AFB interpretation: 1-10 AFB/OIF at least 50 fields

Answer 44

2+

Question 45

A direct smear provides a mechanism to identify the number and type of cells present in a specimen including ____-, _____, and ______

Answer 45

white blood cells epithelial cells predominant organism

Question 46

principal stain used for microscopic examination of bacteria and is one of the most important bacteriologic techniques within the microbiology laboratory

Answer 46

Gram stain

Question 47

The order of Dyes, Mordant & Decolorizer in Gram-staining procedure is

Answer 47

Crystal violet, Iodine solution, Alcohol, Safranine