Antimicrobial Drugs

Question 1

What is an antimicrobial?

Answer 1

Chemical substance that has the capacity to kill or inhibit the growth of microorganisms

Question 2

What color does gram positive stain?

Answer 2

Purple

Question 3

What color does gram negative stain?

Answer 3

Red

Question 4

What are the 3 antimicrobial strengths?

Answer 4

Resistant, Intermediate, Sensitive

Question 5

Name 5 ways antibiotics work

Answer 5

Inhibits cell wall synthesis, damages cell membrane, inhibits protein synthesis, interferes with cell metabolism, and impairs nucleic acid production

Question 6

What is an antibiotic residue?

Answer 6

Presence of chemicals or its metabolites in animal tissue or food products

Question 7

Penicillins target what part of bacteria?

Answer 7

Cell wall

Question 8

Which group of antibiotics have a beta lactam ring?

Answer 8

Penicillins

Question 9

Name 2 penicillin drugs

Answer 9

Amoxicillin, ampicillin

Question 10

How is penicillin G given?

Answer 10

Parentally

Question 11

How is penicillin V given?

Answer 11

Orally

Question 12

What are adverse effects of penicillin in exotics?

Answer 12

Causes fatal diarrhea in Guinea pigs, rabbits and hamsters because it kills the beneficial Gram positive bacteria.

Question 13

Which drug group has a beta lactam ring and is classified into 5 generations?

Answer 13

Cephalosporins

Question 14

Name 3 cephalosporin drugs

Answer 14

Cefphalexin, cefazolin, cefadroxil

Question 15

Which cephalosporin generation kills MRSA?

Answer 15

5th

Question 16

Bacitracin and vancomycin target which part of the bacteria?

Answer 16

Cell wall

Question 17

How is Bacitracin used?

Answer 17

Topically, and as a feed additive

Question 18

What is vancomycin used for?

Answer 18

Resistant infections of gram positive bacteria

Question 19

What are monobactams used for?

Answer 19

Treating gram negative bacteria and has good penetration into most tissues

Question 20

How is Polymyxin B used?

Answer 20

As an ointment or wet dressing,narrow spectrum and kills gram positive bacteria

Question 21

How do aminoglyocsides kill bacteria?

Answer 21

It inhibits protien synthesis

Question 22

How are aminoglycosides used?

Answer 22

Against gram negative bacteria, broad spectrum

Question 23

What are side effects of aminoglycosides?

Answer 23

Neurotoxic and ototoxic

Question 24

Name 3 aminoglycoside drugs

Answer 24

Amikacin, Gentamicin, Neomycin

Question 25

How do tetracyclines work?

Answer 25

Inhibits protein synthesis

Question 26

What are adverse effects of tetracyclines?

Answer 26

Dental discoloration, binds to calcium and deposits itself into bone. Dont use in growing animals

Question 27

What is doxycycline used for?

Answer 27

Treat lyme disease, reduces periodontal pocket depth, increases reattachment and reduces gingivitis

Question 28

Name a phenicol drug

Answer 28

Choramphenical

Question 29

Which 2 drugs are banned in food animals?

Answer 29

Chloramphanicol and metronidazole

Question 30

Which drug causes aplastic anemia in humans?

Answer 30

Chloramphenicol

Question 31

What are macrolides for?

Answer 31

Treat penicillin resistant infections or in animals with an allergic reaction to penicillin

Question 32

Name a macrolide drug

Answer 32

Erythromycin

Question 33

Name a lincosomyde drug

Answer 33

Clindamycin

Question 34

How do sulfonamides kill bacteria?

Answer 34

Anti metabolite, inhibits folic acid synthesis,

Question 35

Name 2 sulfonamide drugs

Answer 35

Sulfamethoxazole and sulfadimethoxine (Albon)

Question 36

Name a fluoroquinolone drug

Answer 36

Enrofloxacin

Question 37

What are nitrofurans used for?

Answer 37

Treat wounds and UTIs

Question 38

Which protozoa does metronidazole kill?

Answer 38

Giardia

Question 39

Metronidazole should be used in caution in which animals?

Answer 39

Pregnant animals

Question 40

What do polyene antifungal drugs do?

Answer 40

Bind to the fungus cell membrane

Question 41

Name 2 polyene antifungal drugs

Answer 41

Nystatin and Amphotericin B

Question 42

What is Nystatin used for?

Answer 42

Orally to treat candida albicans

Question 43

What is Amphotericin B used for? Adverse effects?

Answer 43

IV for systemic mycoses. | Extremely nephrotoxic

Question 44

How do imidazole antifungals work?

Answer 44

Causes leakage of fungal cell membrane

Question 45

Name 2 imidazole antifungal drugs

Answer 45

Ketoconazole and fluconazole

Question 46

What is ketoconazole used for?

Answer 46

Superficial fungal infections

Question 47

What is fluconazole used for?

Answer 47

Orally and IV for systemic infections

Question 48

Which antifungal drug group is flucytosine in?

Answer 48

Anti metabolic antifungal

Question 49

What is flucytosine used for? Who is it relatively toxic to?

Answer 49

Treats cryptococcus in cats, relatively toxic to dogs

Question 50

Which antifungal is used to treat dermatophyte infections?

Answer 50

Griseofulvin

Question 51

What is used to treat ringworm?

Answer 51

Lyme sulfur

Question 52

How do superficial antifungal drugs work and name 2

Answer 52

Disrupts fungal cell division | Griseofulvin and lyme sulfur

Question 53

Name 3 antiviral drugs

Answer 53

Acyclovir, Interferon, Amantadine

Question 54

What does acyclovir do?

Answer 54

Interferes with virus synthesis of DNA, treats ocular FHV

Question 55

What does interferon treat?

Answer 55

Ocular FHV and FeLV

Question 56

What does Amantadine treat and how?

Answer 56

Influenza A virus | Effects attachment of viruses to cell receptors

Question 57

What is asepsis?

Answer 57

Environment completely clean of microorganisms

Question 58

What is disinfection?

Answer 58

Using chemicals to reduce the number of microorganisms

Question 59

What do disinfectants do?

Answer 59

Inhibit the growth or kill microorganisms on living tissue

Question 60

How do Phenol disinfectants work?

Answer 60

Destroys selective permeability of cell membranes

Question 61

How do quaternary ammonium compounds work?

Answer 61

Concentrating at cell membrane and dissolving lipids in cell wall and membrane

Question 62

How do aldehydes work

Answer 62

Affects protein structure

Question 63

How do alcohols work?

Answer 63

Coagulating proteins and dissolving membrane lipids

Question 64

How do halogens work and name 2

Answer 64

Interferes with proteins and enzymes of microbe Chlorine and iodine Recommended by OSHA

Question 65

Name a Biguanide disinfectant

Answer 65

Chlorhexidine

Question 66

What is ethylene oxide for?

Answer 66

Chemical sterilization

Question 67

Name an oxidizing agent

Answer 67

Hydrogen peroxide

Question 68

What does hydrogen peroxide kill?

Answer 68

Anaerobic bacteria. | Its action is not affected by organic matter or hard water.

Question 69

Aminoglycosides are used to kill what kind of bacteria?

Answer 69

gram negative

Question 70

How are aminoglycosides usually given?

Answer 70

IV

Question 71

Aminoglycosides have what kind of bactericidal activity?

Answer 71

Dose dependant

Question 72

What 2 antibiotics can cause esophageal strictures in cats in pill form?

Answer 72

Doxycycline and clindamycin