Fluid therapy And Emergency Drugs

Question 1

What are the primary ions in the body?

Answer 1

Sodium, potassium, chloride, phosphate and bicarbonate

Question 2

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 2

Substances that split into ions when placed in water

Question 3

What is osmotic pressure?

Answer 3

Pressure or force that develops when 2 solutions of different concentrations are separated by a selectively permeable membrane

Question 4

Extracellular fluid shifts between,,:

Answer 4

The intravascular and interstitial space to maintain fluid balance

Question 5

What are colloids?

Answer 5

Nondiffusable substances

Question 6

What are crystalloids?

Answer 6

Diffusable substances that dissolve in solution

Question 7

An isotonic solution has:

Answer 7

The same osmotic pressure as blood and Extracellular water

Question 8

A hypertonic solution:

Answer 8

Has osmolality higher than that of blood, causing RBC to shrink

Question 9

A hypotonic solution:

Answer 9

Has osmolality lower than that of blood, so RBC swell

Question 10

Name 3 isotonic crystalloids and what they’re for

Answer 10

0.9% sodium chloride (used to expand plasma volume), LRS, Normosol

Question 11

Name 2 hypotonic crystalloids

Answer 11

5% dextrose in water and 0.9% normal saline with 5% dextrose

Question 12

Name 3 natural colloids

Answer 12

Plasma, albumin, whole blood

Question 13

Which natural colloid can be frozen?

Answer 13

Plasma

Question 14

What is plasma for?

Answer 14

Aid in liver dz or coagulation factor deficiency

Question 15

Name 2 synthetic colloids

Answer 15

Hetastarch and Dextrans

Question 16

What is hetastarch for?

Answer 16

Treat hypovolemic shock and hypoproteinemia

Question 17

What is normal serum potassium?

Answer 17

3.5-5.5 mEq/L

Question 18

Which 2 drug categories will alter fluid and electrolyte requirements?

Answer 18

Diuretics and glucocorticoids

Question 19

Give examples of sensible losses

Answer 19

Urine and feces

Question 20

Give examples of Insensible losses

Answer 20

Sweat, ventilation, mm evaporation

Question 21

How do you calculate maintenance fluid requirements?

Answer 21

Multiply weight in kg to maintenance dose at ml/kg/day

Question 22

How do you calculate dehydration?

Answer 22

Multiply dehydration percent by kg, convert to ml then add to maintenance

Question 23

How much does an adult administration set give?

Answer 23

15 gtt/ml

Question 24

How much does a pediatric administration set give?

Answer 24

60 gtt/ml

Question 25

How can you tell if there’s fluid overload?

Answer 25

Increased serous secretions and harsh, lung sounds

Question 26

Name 3 reversal agents and what they reverse

Answer 26

Atipamezole, reverses A2 agonists
Flumazenil reverse benzodiazepines
Naloxone reverses opioids

Question 27

Give an example of an antiarrhythmic drug

Answer 27

Lidocaine