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Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are cardiac glycosides?

A

Digitalis drugs that increase strength of cardiac contractions, decrease HR/dyspnea, inhibits Na-K pump, antiarrhythmic

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2
Q

Name 2 digitalis drugs

A

Digitoxin, Digoxin

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3
Q

Name 4 catecholamines

A

Epi, Dopamine, Dobutamine, Isoproteronol

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4
Q

What is dopamine used for?

A

Treat acute heart failure and extreme shock

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5
Q

Name a vasoconstrictive drug and what it does

A

Vasopressin (ADH), treats shock, causes peripheral vasoconstriction, increases BP and fluid retention

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6
Q

What are 2 groups of Vasodilators?

A

ACEI, ARB

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7
Q

Name an ACEI drug and what it does

A

Enalapril, treats CHF due to cardiomyopathy/mitral valve dz in dogs. Prevents conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.

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8
Q

Name an ARB drug and what it does

A

Telmisarten, treats hypertension in cats, inhibits angiotensin activity

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9
Q

Which group of cardiac drugs are good for treating CHF and hypertension in cats?

A

Calcium Channel Blockers

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10
Q

Name an arteriole dilator and what it does

A

Hydralazine, treats CHF and reduces afterload

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11
Q

Name a topic venodilator, what it does and its adverse effects

A

Nitroglycerin, reduces pulmonary edema and R side HF, can cause hypotension

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12
Q

What is an inodilator

A

Both an inotrope (changes force of heart contractions) and vasodilator

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13
Q

Name an inodilator drug and what it does

A

Pimobendan, tx CHF because of AV valvular insufficiency or DCM, increases stroke volume and cardiac output

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14
Q

What drug category is Pimobendan in?

A

Benzimidazole

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15
Q

What do diuretics do?

A

Increase volume of urine produced in kidneys, decreases plasma volume

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16
Q

What are adverse effects of beta blockers?

A

Decreased BP, Decreased cardiac output, bronchospasm

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17
Q

What are adverse effects of inodilators?

A

Anorexia, lethargy, diarrhea, dyspnea

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18
Q

What are adverse effects of ACEI’s and ARB’s?

A

Lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss

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19
Q

Name 2 calcium channel blocker drugs

A

Amlodipine, Dilitiazem

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20
Q

What are adverse effects of calcium channel blockers?

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A

Hypotension, bradycardia, edema

21
Q

Name 2 membrane stabilizers

Study These Flashcards
A

Lidocaine and Mexilitine

22
Q

What is lidocaine used for?

Study These Flashcards
A

Treat ventricular tachycardia

23
Q

Name 2 Potassium channel blockers

Study These Flashcards
A

Amiodarone, Sotalol

24
Q

What are potassium channel blockers used for?

Study These Flashcards
A

Emergency treatment of ventricular tachycardia & fibrillation

25
What do potassium channel blockers do?
Lengthen action potentials (repolarization)
26
What is heparin used for?
Treat thromboembolism, DIC and laminitis. Used in tubes, transfusions and catheters,
27
What is EDTA for and what does it do?
Binds to Ca, treats lead poisoning.
28
What are the adverse effects of EDTA?
Vomiting, diarrhea, renal toxicity
29
What are adverse effects of Coumarin?
Bleeding,weakness
30
What does coumarin do?
Bind to vitamin K, treats thromboembolisms
31
What does aspirin do?
Inhibits thromboxane, prevents thromboembolisms associated with HW dz & cardiomyopathies in cats
32
What are adverse effects of aspirin?
GI bleeding and vomiting
33
What drug is used to treat heparin overdose?
Protamine sulfate
34
What does Vitamin K do?
Treats rodenticide toxicity and bleeding disorders
35
What are adverse effects of Vitamin K?
Anaphylaxis and bleeding from the injection site
36
What is used as a topical anticoagulant after dehorning?
Ferrous sulfate powder
37
What treats piglet anemia?
Iron
38
Which drug treats anemia secondary to chronic renal failure?
Erythropoietin
39
Which drug treats anemia secondary to chronic renal disease?
Darbopoietin
40
Which B vitamin is needed for normal erythropoiesis?
Folic acid
41
What is the equation for cardiac output?
Heart rate * stroke volume
42
What are 3 factors associated with stroke volume?
Preload, afterload, systemic vascular resistance
43
Which number is higher when measuring BP?
Systolic
44
Which number is lower when measuring BP?
Diastolic
45
What is mean arterial pressure measured for?
Perfusion of tissues
46
What happens if you give Atropine to a patient with an arrythmia?
The heart rate will drop profoundly for 30 seconds before increasing
47
When shouldn't you give Atropine?
In combo with an alpha 2 agonist and cardiac disease patients
48
Atropine/anticholinergics should only be used in what situation in large animals?
Emergency

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