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Small Ani. Medicine > Antimicrobial Therapy > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitors are generally effective against…

A

(Gram positive and some gram negative aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria)

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2
Q

Penicillins are generally effective against…

A

(Gram positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria)

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3
Q

Cephalexin and cefazolin are generally effective against…

A

(Gram positive aerobic bacteria; this portion is not bolded → also some gram negative aerobic bacteria but unpredictable activity against anaerobes)

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4
Q

Cefpodoxime and cefovecin are generally effective against…

A

(Gram negative aerobic bacteria; this portion is not bolded → also some gram positive aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria)

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5
Q

What are some of the side effects of beta-lactam antibiotics?

A

(V/D, anorexia, hypersensitivity reactions (hives, facial swelling, fever, joint pain, anaphylaxis), and immune mediated blood dyscrasias)

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6
Q

Aminoglycosides (neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, amikacin, etc.) are particularly effective against…

A

(Aerobic gram negative bacilli such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Enterobacteria)

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7
Q

In infections involving what characteristics in particular should aminoglycosides be avoided?

A

(Abscesses or granulomatous infections → needs oxygen which also means poor activity against anaerobes in general)

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8
Q

What are the side effects of aminoglycosides?

A

(Nephrotoxicity (depends on individual drug, dosage, duration of therapy, patient’s state of hydration, and renal function) and ototoxicity)

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9
Q

Fluoroquinolones are primarily effective against…

A

(Gram negative aerobes and facultative anaerobic bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Pasteurella, Salmonella, and Bordetella; not bolded → also gets some gram positives)

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10
Q

What are the side effects of fluoroquinolones?

A

(V/D, anorexia, cartilaginous defects in young dogs, retinal blindness in cats when dosed >5 mg/kg/day, rapid IV infusion associated with hypotension, and seizures with excessively high doses)

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11
Q

Sulfonamides are generally effective against…

A

(Gram positive and gram negative aerobic bacteria)

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12
Q

Sulfonamides have poor activity against…

A

(Anaerobes)

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12
Q

What are the possible side effects of sulfonamides?

A

(Hypothyroidism, KCS, blood dyscrasias, polyarthritis, glomerulonephritis, hepatic necrosis; dobermans, samoyeds, and mini schnauzers may be more susceptible)

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12
Q

Macrolides are primarily effective against…

A

(Gram positive bacteria → Chlamydophila, Mycoplasma, Helicobacter, and Campylobacter)

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13
Q

Lincosamides are primarily effective against…

A

(Gram positive aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria)

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14
Q

What is the side effect of most concern associated with lincosamides?

A

(Esophageal stricture, others are V/D, anorexia)

15
Q

Metronidazole is primarily effective against…

A

(Anaerobic bacteria)

16
Q

What are possible side effects of metronidazole?

A

(Anxiety and behavioral changes, vestibular signs)

17
Q

Chloramphenicol is a broad spectrum antibiotic with activity against…

A

(Gram positive and gram negative bacteria, anaerobic bacteria; not bolded → some rickettsial pathogens)

18
Q

Are cats or dogs more likely to experience the possible adverse effects of chloramphenicol (myelosuppression, V/D, anorexia)?

A

(Cats)

19
Q

Tetracyclines are generally effective against…

A

(Gram positive and gram negative aerobic bacteria, tick-borne infections, feline chlamydiosis, Mycoplasma, salmon poisoning dz, and leptospirosis; not bolded → also some anaerobic bacteria)

20
Q

What are the possible side effects of tetracyclines?

A

(V/D, anorexia, esophageal stricture, hepatotoxicity, and teeth discoloration if used in puppies and kittens)

21
Q

What are some of the drugs that concentrate well in urine (so would be good for treating cystitis)?

A

(Penicillins, TMS, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, cephalosporins, and nitrofurantoin)

22
Q

What drugs concentrate in the renal parenchyma?

A

(Fluoroquinolones and TMS)

23
Q

What are some examples of weakly alkaline and lipid soluble antibiotics that would diffuse well into the prostatic parenchyma?

A

(Fluoroquinolones, clindamycin, TMS, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol)

24
Q

What are some antibiotics that pass the blood brain barrier?

A

(TMS, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and metronidazole)

25
Q

What are some antibiotics that accumulate in airway secretions (making them effective for bacterial bronchitis)?

A

(Doxycycline, fluoroquinolones, clindamycin, TMS, and erythromycin)

26
Q

What are some antibiotics that are typically effective for skin infections?

A

(Cephalosporins, macrolides, TMS, chloramphenicol, and penicillins with beta lactamase inhibitors)

Small Ani. Medicine (40 decks)

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