Chronic Cough Flashcards
Describe wheezes and why they occur.
(Wheezes are high-pitched continuous musical sounds that occur from air movement through very narrowed airways)
Describe crackles/rales and why they occur.
(Crackles/rales are discontinuous popping sounds that occur either when air is bubbling through fluid or when there is rapid opening of a stiff airway)
What can cause ventral vs. dorsal decreases in lung sounds?
(Ventral → pleural effusion or a space-occupying mass; dorsal → pneumothorax)
Where are cough receptors most prevalent in the airway?
(Larynx, tracheal bifurcation, and main bronchi)
What are all of the possible differentials for a chronic cough originating in the airway?
(I’m just fucking with you, if you knew all of them good job but go touch some grass please)
What exam findings would be expected with pleural space disease?
(Tachypnea (specifically rapid/shallow breaths) and muffled lung and/or heart sounds)
What exam/historical findings would be expected with tracheal disease/collapse?
(Honking, harsh cough that is precipitated by activity, excitement, and/or tracheal pressure, mild to severe panting, exercise intolerance, and cyanosis possibly in advanced cases)
What are the three diagnostics criteria that must be met before a dog can be diagnosed with chronic bronchitis?
(Chronic cough, evidence of excessive mucus production, and exclusion of other chronic cardiopulmonary dzs)
Describe the cough associated with chronic bronchitis and the signalment it is mostly diagnosed in.
(A persistent, sonorous cough with paroxysms of coughing often followed by a terminal retch; typically diagnosed in middle-aged to older, smaller breed dogs but can occur in larger breeds)
What clinical signs can be seen with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy and what signalment is mostly implicated?
(Can see coughing, gagging, and/or retching; usually diagnosed in young dogs and Siberian Huskies and Malamutes are affected predominantly but many other breeds can be affected)
Pair the following disease description with the appropriate airway parasites:
- Majority of dogs infected remain healthy but lower respiratory signs and sometimes upper respiratory signs can occur
- Granulomatous mucosal nodules form in the distal trachea and most proximal bronchi
- Embeds in the tracheal and bronchial mucosa sometimes resulting in eosinophilic bronchitis
A - Eucoleus aerophilus
B - Crenosoma vulpis
C - Oslerus osleri
- Majority of dogs infected remain healthy but lower respiratory signs and sometimes upper respiratory signs can occur (B)
- Granulomatous mucosal nodules form in the distal trachea and most proximal bronchi (C)
- Embeds in the tracheal and bronchial mucosa sometimes resulting in eosinophilic bronchitis (A)
(T/F) Primary bronchopneumonia is just as common as secondary pneumonia.
(F, most bacteria that cause bronchopneumonia are secondary pathogens and only cause disease when allowed the opportunity (such as a chronic bronchitis case))
What is the treatment for chronic bronchitis?
(Glucocorticoids starting at 1 mg/kg and increasing/decreasing as needed; cough suppressants given as needed; and others → elimination of environmental irritants, control of body weight, and use of a harness instead of a collar)
