Ascites and Edema Flashcards
What component of fluid homeostasis becoming deranged can produce edema?
(Increase hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, increased capillary permeability, and lymphatic dysfunction)
What can cause increased hydrostatic pressure?
(Increased plasma volume (AV fistulas, CKD, liver dz, right sided heart failure) and venous obstruction (cranial mediastinal mass, caudal abdominal mass, trauma, surgery))
What can cause decreased plasma oncotic pressure?
(Protein loss (PLE or PLN) and reduced albumin synthesis (liver dz, malnutrition))
What can cause increased capillary permeability?
(Allergic reactions, inflammation secondary to neoplasia, septicemia, envenomation, burns, trauma, and myxedema)
What types of edema or edema that occurs secondary to what things typically fall under non-pitting edema?
(Mechanical or chemical trauma, post surgical or traumatic swelling, chronic lymphedema, and myxedema will all be non-pitting edema)
What is pitting edema and what causes it?
(A displacement of fluid within the interstitial space, fluid you can press your finger into and it will leave an obvious pit; causes → increased hydrostatic pressure, decreased plasma oncotic pressure, inflammation, and lymphedema)
What are some specific causes of increased hydrostatic pressure that would result in a low protein transudative abdominal effusion?
(Portal vein thrombosis, liver disease, cardiac tamponade, right sided heart failure, and extra or intraluminal vena cava neoplasia)
What are two causes for a modified transudate abdominal effusion?
(Chronic presence of a low protein transudate effusion and neoplasia)
What are two causes of non-septic exudate abdominal effusion?
(Pancreatitis and neoplasia)
What are some causes of septic exudate abdominal effusion?
(GI perforation, foreign body migration, and abscess rupture)
What are some causes of chylous abdominal effusion?
(Trauma, neoplasia, right sided heart failure)
