Antimicrobic Agents (pt3)

Question 1

Which ionizing radiation nonspecifically alters cellular proteins and nucleic acids by penetrating deep into objects.

Answer 1

Gamma radiation

Question 2

Which ionizing radiation alters nucleic acids and is used to decontaminate packages?

Answer 2

Electron-beam radiation

Question 3

Which non-ionizing radiation causes mutations that prevent normal gene expression and DNA replication?

Answer 3

Ultraviolet

Question 4

Membrane of cellulose acetate & cellulose nitrate has complex system of pores that trap microbes by pore size and chemical affinity to the matrix. What is this known as?

Answer 4

Membrane micropore filters

Question 5

What does HEPA stand for?

Answer 5

High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtration

Question 6

What particles do HEPA filters remove?

Answer 6

99.97% of particles 0.3um and larger removed.

highly effective at containing 0.3 and 0.1um

Question 7

What are the three types of air filters used?

Answer 7

N95 mask, PAPR (powered air purifying respirator), Biological safety cabinet

Question 8

Does the PAPR include a HEPA filter?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

What is a contained work area designed to prevent exposure to infectious aerosols and to protect materials and specimens from environmental contamination and it prevents the outflow of infectious agents?

Answer 9

Biological safety cabinet

Question 10

Describe the characteristics of Glutaraldehyde

Answer 10

High disinfectant / sterilant / not antiseptic

Question 11

Describe the characteristics of hydrogen peroxide vaporized

Answer 11

High disinfectant / Sterilant / NOT antispetic

Question 12

Describe the characteristics of hydrogen peroxide aqueous

Answer 12

intermediate disinfectant / NOT a sterilant / Antiseptic

Question 13

Describe the characteristics of

Iodophors (iodine), Alcohol, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chlorhexidine.

Answer 13

Intermediate disinfectant / NOT sterilant / Antiseptic

Question 14

What is a chemical substance of natural, semisynthetic, or synthetic origin that inhibits or kills microorganisms and which can be used to treat or control infection?

Answer 14

Antibiotic / Antimicrobic agent

Question 15

What are the Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis?

Answer 15

Beta-lactam antibiotics

Question 16

The antibiotic activity of these compounds depends on the integrity of the beta-lactam ring (O=C-N). By altering the nature of the side chains (R), differences in antimicrobic properties can be obtained.

Answer 16

Beta-lactam antibiotics

Question 17

What are two examples of Beta-lactam antibiotics?

Answer 17

Penicillins and Cephalosporins

Question 18

Which antimicrobic principle inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis by inhibiting the formation of crosslinks between the polymers of the bacterial cell wall?

Answer 18

Inhibitors of cell wall synthesis

Question 19

What results in

i. Inhibition of peptidoglycan synthesis
ii. Degradation of formed cell wall through the release of autolytic enzymes
iii. Weakened cell wall loses integrity and can no longer preserve osmotic pressure. Results in cell death and increased phagocytosis.

Answer 19

Beta-lactam antibiotics

Question 20

What are Beta-lactam antibiotics most effective against?

Answer 20

gram-positive bacteria