AP Exam Unit 5

Question 1

What combination of factors were necessary to begin the Industrial Revolution? (10)

Answer 1

1. Europe’s geographical location
2. Geographical distribution of coal, iron, and timber
3. European demographic changes
4. Urbanization
5. Improved agricultural productivity
6. Legal protection of private property
7. Abundance of rivers and canals
8. Access to forgeing resources
9. Accumulation of capital

Question 2

What “fueled” the Industrial Revolution (2)

Answer 2

Steam engine

Internal combustion engine

Question 3

What fossil fuels were exploited as a result of these machines? (2)

Answer 3

Coal

Oil

Question 4

What was a major effect of the fossil fuels revolution?

Answer 4

Increased the energy available to human societies

Question 5

How did factories change the nature of labor? (2)

Answer 5

1. Concentrated labor in a single location

2. Led to an increasing degree of specialization

Question 6

Where did factories start?

Answer 6

Northwestern Europe

Question 7

Where did the factory system spread? (4)

Answer 7

Other parts of Europe
United States
Japan
Russia

Question 8

What were the new methods of production in during the “second” Industrial Revolution? (4)

Answer 8

Steel
Chemicals
Electricity
Precision machinery

Question 9

How did the Industrial Revolution influence world trade overall? (2)

Answer 9

Developed new patterns of global trade

Further integrated the global economy

Question 10

What raw materials were commonly exported to industrialized areas? (7)

Answer 10

Cotton
Rubber
Palm oil
Sugar
Wheat
Meat
Guano

Question 11

What caused an increased need for raw materials? (1)

Answer 11

1. Increased need for food supplies as a result of growing population

Question 12

What did export economies specialize in?

Answer 12

Mass producing a single natural resource

Question 13

What were the profits from raw materials used for?

Answer 13

Finished goods

Question 14

As industrial production rose, what type of economies/production declined?

Answer 14

Agriculturally based economies (such as textile production in India)

Question 15

What “new” markets did industrialized states look/create for their exports?

Answer 15

New consumer markets (such as British and French attemps to “open up” China)

Question 16

What led to the development of extensive mining centers? (2)

Answer 16

1. Need for specialized and limited metals for industrial production
2. Global demand for metals as forms of welath

Question 17

What were the primary metals mined that served monetary purposes? (3)

Answer 17

Gold
Silver
Diamonds

Question 18

Examples of mining centers (2)

Answer 18

Copper mines in Mexico

Gold and diamond mines in South Africa

Question 19

With what ideologies did the inspiration for economic changes lie? (2)

Answer 19

Capitalism

Liberalism

Question 20

Who is capitalism associated with?

Answer 20

Adam Smith

Question 21

Who is classical liberalism associated with?

Answer 21

John Stuart Mill

Question 22

How did industrialist legitimize the economic changes of the Industrial Rev?

Answer 22

As means of facilitating investments

Question 23

What financial institutions facilitated industrial production? (4)

Answer 23

Stock markets
Insurance
Gold standard
Limited liability corporations

Question 24

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the scale of businesses?

Answer 24

Made them global

Question 25

What did the global nature of trade and production contribute to?

Answer 25

Proliferation of large scale transnational businesses

Question 26

What were the important developments in transportation and communication? (4)

Answer 26

Railroads Steamships Telegraphs Canals

Question 27

How did workers respond to the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 27

Organized themselves to improve working conditions, limit hours, and gain higher wages

Question 28

What governments resisted economic change and attempted to maintain pre industrial forms of economic production? (2)

Answer 28

Qing China | Ottoman

Question 29

Which governments attempted state sponsored vision of industrialization? (4)

Answer 29

Meiji Japan Tsarist Russia (builing of railroads and factories) China (self strengthening movement) Egypt (development of cotton industry)

Question 30

How did governments mitigate the negative effects of capitalism?

Answer 30

Promoting various types of reforms

Question 31

Government reforms in response to criticisms of capitalism (3)

Answer 31

Germany: state pension and public health Britain: suffrage Others: public education

Question 32

What social changes resulted from the Industrial Revolution? (2)

Answer 32

1. New social classes developed (middle class, industrial working class) 2. Family dynamics and gender roles changed

Question 33

What were affects of rapid urbanization? (2)

Answer 33

Unsanitary conditions | New forms of community

Question 34

What imperialistic actions did states take in this period? (2)

Answer 34

Expanded existing oversea colonies | Establishe dnew types of colonies

Question 35

What were affects of modern empire building? (2)

Answer 35

Regional warfare | Diplomacy

Question 36

How did imperialism affect Europe's global influence?

Answer 36

It increased it

Question 37

Which states increased their influence and control over their pre existing colonies? (2)

Answer 37

British (India) | Dutch (Indonesia)

Question 38

Which states lost influence and control over their pre existing colonies? (2)

Answer 38

Portuguese | Spanish

Question 39

Which estates established empires thoughout Asia and the Pacific? (7)

Answer 39

``` British Dutch French Germans Russians Americans Japanese ```

Question 40

What methods did European states use in establishing empires in Africa (2)

Answer 40

Warfare | Diplomacy

Question 41

Which states used these tactics in Africa? (2)

Answer 41

Britian - West Africa | Belguim - Congo

Question 42

Where did Europeans establish settler colonies? (2)

Answer 42

British - Southern Africa, Australia, New Zealand | French - Algeria

Question 43

Economic imperialism (2)

Answer 43

1. British and French expanding their influence in China through the Opium Wars 2. British and United States investing heavily in Latin America

Question 44

How did the expansion of US and European influence affect Tokugawa Japan?

Answer 44

Led to the emergence of the Meiji Restoration

Question 45

Which countries emulated European transoceanic imperialism? (3)

Answer 45

US Russia Qing China

Question 46

How did the US, Russia, and Qing China emulate European imperialism? (2)

Answer 46

1. Expanding their land borders | 2. Conquering neighboring territories

Question 47

How did anti imperialism affect the Ottoman Empire's territories?

Answer 47

Led to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire

Question 48

Contraction of the Ottoman Empire (2)

Answer 48

1. Independent states in the Balkans | 2. Semi imdependence in Egypt

Question 49

Which states developed on the edges of empires? (4)

Answer 49

Cherokee Siam Hawaii Zulu

Question 50

Water were the effects of nationalism on people?

Answer 50

Fostered new communal identities

Question 51

How did imperialsts justify imperialism?

Answer 51

With new racial ideologies such as social darwinism

Question 52

How did Enlightenment and colonize people actions affact political developments?

Answer 52

Encouraged revolutionary activity

Question 53

How did politcal rebellions affect politcal structure?

Answer 53

Resulted in the formation of new states

Question 54

How did politcal rebellions affect ideologies?

Answer 54

Stimualted the development of new ideologies

Question 55

How did the Enlightenment play a role in making politcal revoluitions possible?

Answer 55

Questioned established traditions

Question 56

How did Englightenment evaluate the role of religion in public life?

Answer 56

Said religion played too much of a role -- stressed the importance of reason as a opposed to revelation

Question 57

What new politcal ideas did the Enlightenment develop? (2)

Answer 57

Natural rights | Social contract

Question 58

What social and politcal norms did Enlightment thinkers challenge?

Answer 58

Social relations

Question 59

What were the effects of their questioning? (3)

Answer 59

1. Expanded suffrage 2. Abolition of slavery 3. End of serfdom

Question 60

What is the basis of national identity and nationalism? (4)

Answer 60

Language Religion Social customs Territory

Question 61

How did governments use these new ideas?

Answer 61

To unite diverse populations

Question 62

What propelled reformist and revolutionary movements? (2)

Answer 62

Increasing discontent with imperial rule | Spread of Enlightenment Ideas

Question 63

When the American colonial subjects rebelled, they faciliated the emergence of independent states in which areas? (4)

Answer 63

US Haiti Latin America France

Question 64

What documents evidence the influence of Enlightment on revolutions? (3)

Answer 64

American Declaration of Independence French Declation of the Rights of Man and Citizen Bolivar's Jamaica Letter

Question 65

How did slaves' resistance affect existing authorities in the Americas?

Answer 65

Challenged existing authorities

Question 66

What contributed to anti-colonial movements? (2)

Answer 66

1. Questions of politcal authority | 2. Growing nationalism

Question 67

What were rebellions (such as the Taiping Rebellion, the Ghost Dance, or the Xhosa cattle killing) influenced by? (2)

Answer 67

Religious ideas Millenarianism (belief by a religious, social, or political group or movement in a coming major transformation of society)

Question 68

How did imperial governments react to nationalistic rebellions?

Answer 68

Reforms in imperial policy

Question 69

What stimulated new transnational ideologies and solidarities? (2)

Answer 69

Spread of European political and social thought | Increasing number of rebellions

Question 70

What encouraged the development of new politcal ideologies?

Answer 70

Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule

Question 71

What new politcal ideoligies developed? (3)

Answer 71

Liberalism Socialism Communism

Question 72

What issue did Enlightenment thinkers overlook?

Answer 72

Women's suffrage

Question 73

How did migrations in this period compare to earlier migrations?

Answer 73

They were greater

Question 74

What challenges did migration present to governments? (2)

Answer 74

1. National identity | 2. Regulating the flow of people

Question 75

What were the causes of world populaton growth? (2)

Answer 75

Changes in food production | Improved medical conditions

Question 76

How did new modes of transportaiton affact migration?

Answer 76

Migrants increasingly relocated to cities

Question 77

Why did people migrate?

Answer 77

A variety of reasons

Question 78

What were economic motives behind migration?

Answer 78

In need of work

Question 79

Coerced and semi coerced labor migrations (3)

Answer 79

1. Slavery 2. Chinese and Indian indentured servitude 3. Convict labor

Question 80

Seaonal migrants (3)

Answer 80

Japanese in the Pacific Lebanese merchants in the Americas Italians in Argentina

Question 81

What gender were migrants usually?

Answer 81

Male -- due to the physical nature of the labor in demand

Question 82

How were gender roles affected my migration?

Answer 82

Women took on new roles in the home society that were formerly occupied by men as men migrated

Question 83

How did migratns preserve and transplant their culture in their new homes?

Answer 83

Creating ethnic enclaves -- also facilitated the development of migratn support networks

Question 84

How did receiving societies react to the new presence of foreign migrants?

Answer 84

Racial prejudice was common -- increasingly attempted to regulate the incrased flow of people across borders (Chinese Exclusion Act, White Australia Policy)