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SOL Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

Rebirth of classical knowledge

Birth of the modern world

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2
Q

Where did the Renaissance spread?

A

From the Italian city states to northern Europe

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3
Q

Contributions of the Renaissance? (3)

A

Visual arts
Literature
Intellectual ideas

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4
Q

Famous painters in the Renaissance (2)

A

Michelangelo

Leonardo da Vinci

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5
Q

Accomplishments in literature (3)

A

Sonnets
Plays
Essays

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6
Q

Accomplishments in literature (person)

A

Shakespeare

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7
Q

Accomplishments in intellectual ideas

A

Humanism (group of philosophies and ethical perspectives which emphasize the value and agency of human beings, individually, and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought and evidence)

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8
Q

Accomplishments in intellectual ideas (person)

A

Erasmus – The Praise of the Folly

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9
Q

Five world religions in 1500 A.D.

A 
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Hinduism
Buddhism
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10
Q

Location of Judaism (2)

A

Europe

Middle East

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11
Q

Location of Christianity (2)

A

Europe

Middle East

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12
Q

Location of Islam (3)

A

Asia
Africa
Southern Europe

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13
Q

Location of Hinduism (2)

A

India

Southeast Asia

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14
Q

Location of Buddhism (3)

A

East Asia

South Asia

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15
Q

What parts of the world did the trade patterns of 1500 A.D. link? (4)

A

Africa
Middle East
Asia
Europe

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16
Q

Traditional trade patterns that linked Europe with Asia and Africa (6)

A

Silk Roads
Maritime routes across the Indian Ocean
Trans Saharan routes across North Africa
Northern European links with the Black Sea
Western European sea and river trade
South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

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17
Q

Why were the regional trading patterns important?

A

Exchange of products and ideas

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18
Q

Advancements exchanged along trade routes from China (4)

A

Paper
Compass
Silk
Porcelain

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19
Q

Advancements exchanged along trade routes from India and the Middle East (2)

A

Textiles

Numeral system

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20
Q

Scientific transfer (3)

A

Medicine
Astronomy
Mathematics

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21
Q

Did the Roman Catholic Church have competition prior to 1500 A.D.?

A

No

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22
Q

The resistance of the church to change led to what?

A

Protestant Reformation

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23
Q

What resulted from the Protestant Reformation?

A

The birth of new politcal and economic systems

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24
Q

Usury

A

The lending of money with an interest charge for its use

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25
Conflicts that challenged the authority of the Church in Rome (4)
1. Merchant wealth challenged the Church's view of usury 2. German and English nobility disliked Italian domination of the Church 3. The Church's great politcal power and wealth caused conflict 4. Church corruption and the sale of indulgences were widespread and caused conflict
26
What were the views of Martin Luther (3)
1. Salvation by faith alone 2. Bible as the ultimate authority 3. All humans equal before God
27
Martin Luther's actions (2)
1. 95 Theses (document challenging the authority of the Church) 2. Birth of the Protestant Church (Lutherism)
28
What were the view of John Calvin (3)
1. Predestination (all events have been willed by God) 2. Faith revealed by living a righteous life 3. Work ethic
29
John Calvin's actions
Expansion of the Protestant Movement
30
View of King Henry III
Dismissed the authority of the Pope
31
Actions of King Henry III (4)
1. Divorced 2. Broke with Rome 3. Headed the national church in England 4. Devoted lands and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England
32
Actions of Queen Elizabeth I (4)
1. Anglican church 2. Tolerance for dissenters 3. Expansion and colonialism 4. Victory over the Spanish Armada
33
When did Queen Elizabeth I emerge victorious over the Spanish aramda?
1588
34
What religion did princes in Northern Germany covernt to?
Protestantism
35
What was the affect of the princes of Northern Germany conversion to Protestantism?
Ended authority of the pope
36
Who continued to support the Roman Catholic Church? (2)
Hapsburg family | Authority of the Roman Catholic Church
37
What did the conflict between Protestants and Catholics result in?
Thirty Years War
38
Huguenots
French Protestants inspired by Calvinism
39
Edict of Nantes
Catholic monarchy granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship
40
Cardinal Richelieu (3)
1. Transformed France into a strong, centralized state 2. Changed the focus of the Thirty Years' War from a religiou to a politcal conflict 3. Wanted the Hapsburgs out and the French in
41
Dissenters prior to Luther (2)
Huss | Wycliffe
42
Counter Reformation
Church's response to the Protestant reformation
43
Council of Trent
Reaffirmed most Church doctrine and practice
44
The Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
Founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world
45
What as the inquisition (aimed to combat heresy) used for?
Reinforced Catholic doctrine
46
Changing cultural values, traditions, and philosphies (3)
1. Growth of secularism (seperation of church and state) 2. Growth of individualism 3. Eventual growth of religious tolerance
47
What was the role of the printing press in the spread of new ideas? (3)
1. Growth of literacy stimulated by the Gutenberg printing press 2. Bible was printed in English, French, and German 3. Spread the ideas of the reformation
48
What id the expanding economies of Europeans states stimulate?
Increased trade with markets in Asia
49
After the loss of Constantinople in 1453, what did Europeans seek?
New maritime routes for trade
50
Why were Europeans interesting in discovering new lands and markets?
1. Demand for gold, spices, and natural resources 2. Support the diffusion of Christianity 3. Competition between empires 4. Innovation in navigational arts (European and Islamic Origin)
51
Portugese important explorers (2)
Prince Henry the Navigator | Vasco de Gama
52
Prince Henry the Navigator acheivements (2)
1. Led the way for explorers | 2. Created a navigation school
53
Vasco de Gama acheivements
Explored around Africa
54
Spanish important explorers (4)
Christopher Columbus Hernando Cortex Franciso Pizarro Ferdinand Magellan
55
Christopher Columbus acheivemen
Discovered the West Indies
56
Hernando Cortez acheivemen
Conquered the Aztecs
57
Franciso Pizarro acheivemen
Conquered the Incans
58
Ferdinand Magellan acheivemen
First to lead a voyage that sailed across the world
59
English famous explorer
Francis Drake
60
Francis Drake achievement
First Englishman to sail around the world
61
French famous explorer
Jacques Cartier
62
Jacques Cartier achievement
Canada
63
Means of diffusion of Christianity (3)
1. Migration of colonists to new lands 2. Influence of Catholics and Protestants 3. Convesion of indigenous peoples
64
What was the affect of European migration and settlement on the Americas (4)
1. Demise of Aztec and Incan empires 2. Legacy of a ridgid class system and dictatorial rule in Latin America 3. Forced migration of some Africans into slavery 4. Colonies' imitation of the culture and social patterns of their parent country
65
What was the affect of European migration and settlement in Africa (2)
1. European trading posts along the coast | 2. Trade in slaves, gold, and other products
66
What was the affect of European migration and settlement in Asia? (2)
1. Colonized by small groups of merchants | 2. Influence of trading companies
67
What agricultural products changed European lifestyles? (3)
Corn Potatoes Tobacco
68
Which animals changed the lifesytle of American Indians? (2)
Horses | Cattle
69
What European disease killed many native Americans?
Smallpox
70
What was the impact of the Columbian Exchange between European and indigenous cultures? (2)
1. Shortage of labor to grow cash crops led to the use of African slaves 2. European plantation system in the Caribbean and the Americas destroyed indigenous economics and damaged the environment
71
What was slavery based on?
Race
72
What areas did the Triangular Trade link? (3)
Europe Asia Africa
73
What goods were traded along the Triangular Trade? (3)
Slaves Sugar Rum
74
What was the impac tof precious metal exports for the Americas? (3)
1. Gold and silver exported to Europe and Asia 2. Labor conscription 3. Impact on Spain and international trade
75
What empire emerged as a politcal and economic power after the conquest of Constantinople?
Ottoman Empire
76
Original location of Ottoman Empire
Asia Minor
77
Expansion and extent of the Ottoman Empire (4)
Southwest Asia Southeastern Europe Balkan Peninsula North Africa
78
What helped unify the Ottoman Empire
Islamic religion -- they accepted other religions though
79
What the did Ottoman Empire trade? (2)
Coffee | Ceramics
80
Which group did the Mughals descend from?
Mongols
81
Who did the Mughal Empire trade with?
European nations
82
Location of the Mughal Empire
North India
83
Contributions of the Mughal rulers (4)
1. Spread Islam into India 2. Art and architecture (Taj Mahal) 3. Arrival of European trading outposts 4. Influence of Indian textiles on British textiles
84
Who competed for trade in the Indian Ocean by established Coastal ports on the Indian sub-continent? (3)
Portugal England Netherlands
85
What did Southern India trade? (3)
Silk Spices Gems
86
How did China attempt to limit the influence of European merchants? (2)
1. Creation of forgein enclaves to control trade | 2. Trading restrictions with European nations
87
There was an increase in European demand for what nation's goods?
China
88
Describe the power of the Japanese emperor
Powerless
89
Who ruled Japan
Military leader (shogun)
90
What was Japan's forgein policy
Isolationism
91
African exports (2)
Slaves | Raw materials
92
Africans imported manufactored goods from which areas (2)
Europe, Asia, and the Americas
93
What new food products did Africans import (2)
Corn | Peanuts
94
Mercantilism
An economic practice adopted by European colonial powers in an effort to become self sufficient; based on the theory that colonies existed for the benefit of their mother country
95
The commerical revolution saw the emergence of what?
A new economic system with new money and banking systems
96
What were colonial economies limited by?
The economic needs of their mother country
97
What did the Scientific Revolution change?
The way people viewed the world and their place in it
98
Nicolaus Copernicus
Heliocentric theory (Earth revolves around sun)
99
Johannes Kepler
Planetary motion
100
Galileo Galilei
Used a telescope to support heliocentric theory
101
Isaac Newton
Discovered Laws of Gravity
102
William Harvey
Discovered the circulation of the blood
103
What did the scientific revolution emphasize?
Reason and systematic observation of nature
104
The scientific revolution led to the formulation of...
Scientific method
105
Age of Absolutism
Series of European monarchs who increased the power of their governments
106
Characteristics of absolute monarchies (2)
1. Centralization of pwer | 2. Rule by divine right
107
Who were abolute monarchs? (2)
Louis XIV -- France | Peter the Great -- Russia
108
Louis XIV
Built Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power
109
Peter the Great
Westernization of Russia
110
Democracy
Government derives power from the consent of the governed
111
Foundations of English freedoms (3)
Jury trial Magna Carta Common law
112
Which war prompted further development of the rights of Englishmen?
English Civil War
113
Which revolution prompted further development of the rights of Englishmen?
Glorious Revolution
114
Development of the rights of Englishmen | Oliver Cromwell and the execution of...
Charles I
115
Glorious Revolution
Bloodless
116
English Bill of RIghts of 1689
Increase of parliamentary power and decrease of royal power
117
What did Enlightenment thinkers believe?
Human progress was possible through the application of scientific knowledge and resason to issues of law and government
118
What did Enlightenment ideas influence? (2)
1. Leaders of th American Revolution | 2. Declaration of Independence
119
What was the affect of the Enlightment on religion?
Increased religious tolerance
120
What did the Enlightenment fuel?
Democratic revolutions around the world
121
Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan
Humans exist in a primitive "state of nature" and consent to government for self protection
122
John Locke's Two Treatises on Government
Natural rights to life, liberty, and property
123
Montesquieu's The Spirit of Laws
Seperation of powers
124
Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract
Government is a contract between rulers and the peoplle
125
Voltaire (2)
Religious toleration | Seperation of church and state
126
Where did Enlightenment fueled rebellions ocurr? (2)
Americas | France
127
Which American documents incorportate Englightenment ideas? (3)
Declaration of Independence Constitution Bill of Rights
128
Causes of the French Revolution? (2)
1. Influence of Englightenment ideas | 2. Influence of American Revolution
129
Events of the French Revolution? (2)
Storming of the Bastille | Reign of Terror
130
Outcomes of the French Revolution (2)
1. End of absolution monarchy of Louis XVI | 2. Rise of Napoleon
131
Age of Reason (Enlightement) witnessed ...
Inventions that stimulated trade and transportation
132
Johan Sebastian Bach
Baroque composer
133
Mozart
Classical composer
134
Voltaire
Philosopher
135
Migeul de Cervantes
Novelist
136
Eugene Delacroix
Painter
137
New paintings depicted (4)
Classical subjects Public events Natural scenes Portraits
138
New technologies (3)
1. Better roads 2. Farm tools ++ 3. Ship design ++
139
What were Latin American revolutions influenced by?
European revolutions
140
What was the effect of Spanish conquests in Latin america? (2)
Decline of native populations | Introduction of slaves from Africa
141
Conquistadors
Given government authority by the crown -- later know as viceroys
142
What did colonial governments mirror?
Home governments
143
What religion had a strong influnces on the development of Latin American colonies?
Catholicism
144
What was a major element of the Latin American colonies?
Mining of precious metals for export
145
What Latin American major cities were established as outposts of colonial authority? (5)
``` Havana Mexico City Lima Sao Paulo Buenos Aires ```
146
What king of class structure did Latin American colonies have?
Ridgid class structure
147
What were the 3 class groups in Latin American colonies?
Viceroy -- colonial officers Creoles Mestizos
148
What happened in the Haitian revolution? (3)
Slaves rebelled Abolished slavery Won independence
149
Who started the Mexican independence movement?
Father Miguel Hidalgo
150
Which colonies gained independence? (3)
French Spanish Portuguese
151
Which Latin American countries established indpendent nations? (5)
``` Mexico Haiti Colombia Venezuela Brazil ```
152
Who was Toussaint L'Ouverture?
Former slave who led the Haitian rebellion against the French
153
Which armies did Toussaint L'Ouverture defeat? (3)
Spain France Brazil
154
Who was Simon Bolivar
Native resident who led revolutionary efforts in Venezuela
155
Monroe Doctrine
Alterted European powers that American continents should not be considered for any future colonization
156
Impact of the Monroe Doctrine in Latin America
Latine American nations were acknowledged to be independent
157
What was the impact of Napoleon and the Congress of Vienna?
Changes in politcal boundries in Europe
158
What did Napoleon attempt to do (unsuccessfully)
Unify Europe under French domination
159
Congress of Vienna
Attempted to restore Europe as it had been before the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests
160
Napoleonic code (3)
1. Forbade privileges based on birth 2. Allowed freedom of religion 3. Government jobs should go to the most qualified
161
What was the legacy of Napoleon
Awakend feelings of national pride (growth of nationalism)
162
Legacy of the Congress of Vienna led to which doctrine?
Balance of power
163
How did Congress of Vienna affect monarchies?
Restored them
164
What political philosphies did the Congress of Vienna lead to? (2)
Liberalism | Conservatism
165
What stimulated the growth of nationalism? (3)
National pride Economic competition Democratic ideals
166
What was a negative effect of the Congress of Vienna?
Widespread discontent in Europe (especially in Italy and Germany)
167
In contrast to continental Europe. how did Great Britian expand politcal rights? (2)
Legislative means | Abolishing slavery
168
Who unified northern Italy?
Count Cavour
169
Who joined southern Italy to northern Italy?
Giuseppe Garibaldi
170
Which states for the last to join Italy?
Papal states (including Rome)
171
Otto von Bismarck
Led Prussia in the unification of Germany through war and by appealing to nationalist feelings
172
Realpolitik
Justifies all means to achieve and hold politcal power
173
What war led to the creatio nof the German state?
Franco-Prussian War
174
Where did the Industrial Revolution originate?
England
175
Why did the Industrial Revolution originate in England? (2)
1. Natural resources like coal, iron ore | 2. Steam engine
176
Where did the Industrial Revolution spread to? (2)
Europe | United States
177
What were important industries in the Industrial Revolution? (3)
Cotton textile Iron Steel
178
What movement encourgaged the Industrial Revolution?
British Enclosure Movement
179
What system rose in the Industrial Revolution?
Factory system
180
What indutry declines in the Industrial Revolution?
Cottage industries
181
Who invented the spinning jenny?
James Hargreaves
182
Steam engine (perosn)
James Watt
183
Cotton gin (person)
Eli Whitney
184
Process for making steel (person)
Henry BEssemer
185
Edward Jenner
Developed smallpox vaccination
186
Louis Pasteur
Discovered bacteria
187
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on population
Population increased
188
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on standards of living
Standards of living increased for many though not all
189
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on transportation
Improved transportation
190
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on environment
Pollution increased
191
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on education
Education increased
192
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on working class
Dissatisfaction of working class with working conditions
193
Impact of the Industrial Revolution on middle class
Growth of middle class
194
What fueld the Industrial Revolution? (2)
Capitalism | Market competition
195
Which person is associated with captialism
Adam Smith -- Wealth of Nations
196
How did captialism impact the standards of living
Impoved standards of living
197
How did capitalism impact middle class
Growth of middle class
198
What were dissatisfactions with captialism? (2)
1. Poor working condition | 2. Unequal distribution of wealth in society
199
Where were theories opposed to captialism? (2)
Socialism | Communism
200
Who is assocaited with socialism and communism?
Karl Marx -- Communist Manifesto and Das Capital
201
What were socialism and communism a response to?
Injustices of captialism
202
What did socialism and communism emphasize?
Redistribution of wealth
203
What were agricultural economies based on
Family unit
204
Nature of work in the factory system (2)
1. Harsh working conditions | 2. Men competing with women and children for wages
205
What invention increased demand for slave labor?
Cotton gin
206
Which countries outlawed the slave trade and then slavery? (2)
United States | Great Britian
207
Who entered the workplace as cheap labor (2)
Women and children
208
How did the public react to child labor
Reform to end it
209
How did the Industrial Revolution affect education?
Expansion of education
210
How did the Industrial Revolution affect women?
Increased demands for suffrage
211
Why did workers go on strikesd? (2)
Increase wages | Improve working conditions
212
What did labor united lobby for? (2)
1. Worker rights | 2. Collective bargaining between labor and management
213
European nations competed to control which continents to secure their economic and politcal success? (2)
Asia | Africa
214
What forms did resistancfe to imperialism take? (2)
Armed conflict | Intellectual movements
215
What motivated European nations to compete for colonial possession?
Nationalism
216
How did European imperialism affect colonial industries?
Industrially produced goods flooded colonial markets and displaced their traditional industries
217
Forms of imperialism (3)
1. Colonies 2. Protectorates (relationship of protection and partial control assumed by a superior power over a dependent country or region) 3. Spheres of influence (claim by a state to exclusive or predominant control over a foreign area or territory)
218
Imperialism in Africa and Asia (7)
1. European domination 2. European conlicts carried to the colonies 3. Christian missionary efforts 4. Spheres of influence in China 5. Suez Canal 6. East India Company's domination of Indian states 7. American opening of Japan to trade
219
Responses of colonize peoples (2)
1. Armed conflicts (Boxer Rebellion) | 2. Rise of nationalism (Indian nationalist party)
220
When was World War 1?
1914-1918
221
Causes of World War 1 (6)
1. Alliances 2. Nationalism 3. Diplomatic failures 4. Imperialism 5. Competition over colonies 6. Militarism
222
What what the catalyst for WW1?
Assassination of Austria's Archduke Ferdinand
223
Who entered in the middle of WW1?
US
224
Who left in the middle of WW1?
Russia
225
Who were the major leaders of WW1? (2)
``` Woodrow Wilson (US) Kaiser Wilhelm II (Germany) ```
226
Colonies participation in WW1 led to...?
Increased demands for independence
227
WW1 led to the end of which empires? (3)
Imperial Russia Ottoman German Austro-Hungary
228
Treaty of Versailles (5)
1. Forced Germany to accept guilt 2. Forced Germany to pay repartations 3. Took German territory 4. Limited the German military 5. League of Nations
229
The Tsarist Russia that entered WW1 was characterized by? (2)
``` Absolute monarchy Sharp class divisions ```
230
Inadequate adminstration in WW1 led to? (2)
Revolution | Unsuccessful provisional government
231
Causes of 1917 revolutions (4)
1. Defeat in war with Japan in 1905 2. Landless peasantry 3. Incompetence of Tsar Nicholas II 4. MIlitary defeats and high casualties in WW1
232
Bolshevik Revolution and civil war (2)
1. Proletariat rose up against the tzar and upper classes | 2. Tzar Nicholas II and family were executed
233
Vladimir Lenin's New Economic Policy (2)
1. To hellp Russia's economy | 2. Still come private owned businesses and farmers could keep some surplus
234
Who was Lenin's successor
Stalin
235
What was the League of Nations?
International cooperative organization
236
Why was the League of Nations established?
Prevent future wars
237
Who was not a member of the League of Nations?
US
238
Why did the League of Nations fail?
Did not have power to enforce its decisions
239
(Mandate system) During WW1, who agreed to divide the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East between themselves? (2)
Great Britain | France
240
The division of the Ottoman Empires through the mandate systems planted the seed for ..
Future Middle East conflict
241
Caused of the Great Depression (5)
1. German reparations 2. High portective tariffs 3. Expansion of credit 4. Stock Market Crash 5. Dominance of the United States in the global economy
242
When did the Stock Market crash?
1929
243
Impacts of the world depression (5)
1. High unemployment 2. Bank failures 3. Collapse of credit 4. Nazi Party's growing importance in Germany 5. Collapse of prices in world trade
244
Stalin
Russia (Communism)
245
Stalin's policies (4)
1. Five Year plans 2. Collectivization of farms (state run farms) 3. State industrialization 4. Secret police (KGB)
246
Great Purge
Killing of Stalin's enemies
247
Hitler
Germany
248
Germany during the interwar years (7)
1. Inflation 2. Depression 3. Anti-Semitism 4. Extreme nationalism 5. National socialism (Nazism) 6. Germany occumation of nearby counties 7. Democratic government weakened
249
Mussolini
Italy
250
Italy during the interwar years (3)
1. Rise of fascism 2. Ambition to restore the glory of Rome 3. Invasion of Ethiopia
251
Japan leaders (2)
Hirohity | Hideki Tojo
252
Japan during the interwar years (3)
Militarism Industrialization Invasions
253
Where did Japan invade (3)
Korea Manchuria China
254
Causes of WW2 (6)
1. Aggression by totalitarian powers 2. Nationalism 3. Failures of the Treaty of Versailles 4. Weakness of the League of Nations 5. Appeasement 6. Tendencies toward isolationism and pacifism in Europe and the United States
255
When was WW2?
1939-1954
256
D-Day
Allied invasio of Europe
257
Where were atomic bombs dropped? (2)
Hiroshima | Nagasaki
258
Franklin D. Roosevelt
US president
259
Harry Truman
US president
260
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Allied commander in Europe
261
Douglas MacArthur
US general
262
George Marshall
US general
263
Winston Churchill
British prime minister
264
Stalin
Soviet dictator
265
Hitler
Nazi dictator of Germany
266
Hideki Tojo
Japanese general
267
Hirohity
Emperor of Japan
268
Genocide
The systematic and purposeful destruction of a racial, politcal, religious, or cultural group
269
Elements leading to the Holocaust (5)
1. Totalitarianism 2. Nationalism 3. Anti Semitism 4. Germany's defeat in WW1 5. Hitler's belief in a master race
270
Final solution (2)
Extermination camps | Gas chambers
271
Other examples of genocide (4)
Armenian USSR Cambodia Rwanda
272
Where was the Armenian genocide?
Ottoman Empire
273
Who were the perpetrators in the Cambodian genocide?
Pol Pot
274
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
Protect the inherent dignity and the qual and inalienable rights of humans
275
Outcomes of WW2 (6)
1. European powers' loss of empires 2. War crimes trials 3. Establishment of UN 4. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 5. Marshall Plan 6. New alliances
276
Iron Curtain
Division of Europe
277
Marshall Plan
US gave economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism
278
Efforts for reconstruction of Germany (3)
1. Demogratic government installed in Qest Germany and West Berlin 2. Germany and Berlin divided among the four allied powers 3. Emergence of West Germany as economic power
279
Efforts for reconstruction of Japan (4)
1. US occupation of Japan 2. Democracy and economic development 3. Elimination of Japan's military; US guaranteed securtity for Japan 4. Emergence of Japan as a dominant economy
280
Following WW2, the US occupied Japan under whom?
MacArthur
281
International Cooperative Organizations (3)
UN NATO Warsaw Pact
282
Who adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?
Members of the UN
283
Yalta Conference
World War II conference of the US, Britain, and , which planned the final defeat and occupation of Nazi Germany.
284
What were the conflicting ideologies in the Cold War? (2)
Democracy vs dictatorship | Free enterprise system vs communism
285
Policy of Containment
Truman -- prevent the spread of communism abroad
286
Eastern Europe was made primarily of...?
Soviet satellite nations -- Stalins buffer nations
287
Deterrence
Dissuade an adversary from undertaking an action not yet started, or to prevent them from doing something that another state desires (nuclear warfare)
288
Collapse of communism in USSR and Eastern Europe (5)
1. Soviet economy collapses 2. Buffer countried wanted freedom 3. Tearing down of Berlin Wall 4. Break up of USSR 5. Expansion of NATO
289
Conatinment
Policy for preventing the expansion of communism
290
Where were there conflicts and revolutionary movements during the COld War?
China
291
How did the Chinese civil war end?
Divison of China into two nations
292
Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi)
Nationalist China (Island of Taiwan)
293
Mao Zedong
Communist China (mainland China)
294
What war did communist China participate in?
Korean War
295
Which country's imperialism affected Vietnam?
French
296
Who was the Vietnamese revolutionary leader?
Ho Chi Minh
297
What kind of nation was Vietnam?
Divided nation
298
What type of government does Vietnam have today?
Communism
299
Gandhi (2)
1. Closer relationship between Indian and USSR | 2. Developed nuclear program
300
Margaret Thatcher (4)
1. British Prime Minister 2. Free traade and less government regulation of business 3. Close relations with US 4. Asserted UK military power
301
Gorbachev (3)
1. Glasnost and perestroika 2. Fall of Berlin Wall 3. Oversaw peaceful transition to democracy
302
Glasnost
Policy that called for increased openness and transparency in government institutions
303
Perestroika
Restructuring of the Soviet political and economic system
304
Deng Xiaoping (2)
1. Reformed communist economy to market economy leading to rapid economic growth 2. Communist control of government continued
305
Indian National Congress
Dominated the Indian movement for independence from Great Britain
306
Who used to rule India?
British
307
Who helped lead the Indian independence movement?
Ghandi
308
What did Ghandi encourage? (2)
Civil disobediance | Passive resistance
309
Who got Pakistan?
Muslims
310
What is the worlds largest democratic nation?
Republic of India
311
Nerhu
Associate of Gandhi who supported western industrialization First prime minister of India
312
Indian 1950 Constitution
South to prohibit caste discrimination
313
What did UN nations cuarantee colonial populations?
Right to self determination
314
Independence movement in Africa (4)
1. Self determination (UN charter) 2. Peaceful and violent revolutions 3. Pride in African cultures and heritage 4. Resentment toward imperial rule and economic exploitation
315
Which nations lost colonies? (4)
Britain France Belgium Portugal
316
West Africa
Peaceful transition
317
Algeria
War for independence from France
318
Kenya (2)
Violent struggle for independence from Britain | Leadership of Kenyatta
319
South Africa (2)
1. Struggle against the apartheid | 2. Led by Nelson Mandela
320
Who established mandates in the Middle East?
League of Nations
321
What did mandates result in?
Conflicts created by religious differences
322
French mandates (2)
Syria | Lebanon
323
British mandates (2)
Jordan | Palestine (part became independent as the state of Israel)
324
Who was the prime minister of Israel?
Golda Meir
325
Golda Meir led Israel to victory in which war?
Yom Kippur War
326
Whose support did Golda Meir seek?
US
327
President of Egypt
Gamal Abdul Nasser
328
Nasser (3)
1. Nationalized the Suez Canal 2. Established relations with USSR 3. Built Aswan Dam
329
Aswan Dam
Dam situated across the Nile River
330
Present location of Judaism (2)
Israel | North America
331
Present location of Christianity (3)
Europe North America South America
332
Present location of Islam (3)
Middle East Africa Asia
333
Present location of Hinduism (1)
India
334
Present location of Buddhism (2)
East Asia | Southeast Asia
335
What challenges do developed and developing nations face? (3)
Migration Ethnic and religious conflict Impact of new technologies
336
What new technologies have created opportunities and challenges? (3)
Computers Genetic engineering Bioethics
337
Ethnic and religious conflict (5)
``` Middle East Northern Ireland Balkans Horn of Africa South Asia ```
338
Free market economies produce...? (2)
1. Rising standards of living | 2. Expanding middle class
339
Recent examples the relationship between economic and politcal freedom (2)
Taiwan | South Korea
340
European Union
European organization set up to promote tariff free trade among members
341
Free trade
Elimination of trade barriers
342
NAFTA
North American free trade agreement | Canada, US, Mexico
343
WTO
Oversees trade among nations and makes sure it flows as smoothly and freely as possible
344
Terrorism
Use of violence and threats to intimidate and coerce for politcal reasons
345
Major cause of terrorism
Religious extremism
346
Munich Olympics
11 members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage

AP World (7 decks)

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