AP Psychology 1.5: Sleep

Question 1

Consciousness

Answer 1

Awareness of ourselves and our environment.

Question 2

Wakefulness

Answer 2

State of being awake, aware of surroundings, able to think, feel, and react.

Question 3

Sleep

Answer 3

A state with lower awareness, but the brain is still active and can process some sensory information.

Question 4

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 4

Study of how brain activity is linked to mental processes like thinking and awareness.

Question 5

Circadian Rhythm

Answer 5

A 24-hour biological clock regulating sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, hormones, and blood pressure.

Question 6

Jet Lag

Answer 6

Disruption of circadian rhythm due to changes in time zones, causing tiredness and disorientation.

Question 7

EEG (Electroencephalogram)

Answer 7

Tool to visualize brain wave activity; measures wave frequency (speed) and amplitude (size).

Question 8

Alpha Waves

Answer 8

High amplitude, slow frequency; associated with relaxed wakefulness.

Question 9

Beta Waves

Answer 9

Low amplitude, high frequency; linked to active thinking and REM sleep.

Question 10

Theta Waves

Answer 10

Medium amplitude, slower frequency than alpha; appear during light sleep (Stage 1 & 2).

Question 11

Delta Waves

Answer 11

Highest amplitude, slowest frequency; seen in deep sleep (Stage 3).

Question 12

Non-REM Stage 1

Answer 12

Light sleep lasting 5–10 mins; alpha waves; hypnagogic sensations may occur.

Question 13

Hypnagogic Sensations

Answer 13

Vivid sensory experiences during Stage 1 (e.g., feeling of falling).

Question 14

Non-REM Stage 2

Answer 14

10–20 minutes; theta waves; features K-complexes and sleep spindles (bursts of brain activity).

Question 15

Non-REM Stage 3

Answer 15

Deep sleep lasting ~30 minutes; delta waves; where growth hormone is released; sleepwalking/talking may occur.

Question 16

REM Sleep

Answer 16

Rapid Eye Movement sleep; brain shows beta waves; muscles are paralyzed but internal systems are active; dreams/nightmares occur.

Question 17

Paradoxical Sleep

Answer 17

Another term for REM sleep — brain is active like wakefulness, but body is deeply relaxed.

Question 18

REM Deprivation

Answer 18

Lack of REM sleep (e.g., due to interruptions); can lead to cognitive and emotional issues.

Question 19

REM Rebound

Answer 19

Increased REM sleep following deprivation; body enters REM faster and stays longer.

Question 20

Activation-Synthesis Theory

Answer 20

Dreams are the brain’s attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep.

Question 21

Memory Consolidation (Theory)

Answer 21

Dreams help organize and strengthen memories and neural connections formed recently.

Question 22

Restoration Theory

Answer 22

Sleep allows the body and brain to recover, restore energy, and repair itself from daily fatigue.

Question 23

Functions of Sleep

Answer 23

Memory consolidation, physical growth, energy conservation, creative problem-solving.

Question 24

Insomnia

Answer 24

Sleep disorder involving difficulty falling or staying asleep due to stress, pain, or irregular schedules.

Question 25

Sleep Apnea

Answer 25

Disorder where breathing repeatedly stops during sleep, disrupting REM and overall sleep quality.

Question 26

REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD)

Answer 26

Disorder where paralysis in REM is absent; individuals physically act out their dreams.

Question 27

Somnambulism (Sleepwalking)

Answer 27

Walking during sleep, usually during Stage 3; more common in children.

Question 28

Sleep Terrors

Answer 28

Intense fear episodes during sleep (not nightmares); often disrupt sleep and cause deprivation.

Question 29

Narcolepsy

Answer 29

A rare disorder causing sudden, uncontrollable sleep attacks during the day and difficulty sleeping at night.