AP Psychology 2.6: Retrieving Memories Flashcards
(18 cards)
Memory Retrieval
The process of accessing information stored in memory.
Recall
Retrieving information without any cues or hints.
Recognition
Using retrieval cues to access stored information.
Example of Recall
Recalling your phone number when asked without prompts.
Example of Recognition
Choosing the correct answer in a multiple-choice quiz.
Ease of Recognition
Easier than recall due to presence of external cues.
Factors Affecting Retrieval
Environment, mood, and physical state.
Context-Dependent Memory
Memory is improved when recall occurs in the same environment as encoding.
Mood-Congruent Memory
Easier recall of memories that match your current mood.
Example of Mood-Congruent Memory
Feeling happy helps recall happy memories; sadness helps recall sad memories.
State-Dependent Memory
Memory improves when physical/mental state at retrieval matches state at encoding.
Example of State-Dependent Memory
Being sick helps recall other times you were sick.
Retrieval Practice
Strengthens recall ability by associating new info with previously learned info.
Example of Retrieval Cue
Connecting classmate’s name to their seat, hair color, or shared interest.
Encoding Strategies
Distributed practice, deep processing, and using the testing effect.
Testing Effect
Enhanced memory after retrieving, rather than rereading, information.
Metacognition
Reflecting on your learning to identify strengths and weaknesses.
Purpose of Practice Quizzes
Reinforce storage and retrieval concepts through self-assessment.
