AP Psychology 2.3: Introduction to Memory Flashcards
(34 cards)
Memory
Information that persists over time, acquired through experiences, and can be stored and retrieved later.
Metacognition
Awareness of one’s own cognitive processes; different from memory.
Explicit Memory
Memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare.
Episodic Memory
Subtype of explicit memory involving personal experiences or events.
Semantic Memory
Subtype of explicit memory involving knowledge, facts, and general information.
Implicit Memory
Memory involving learned skills or conditioned associations, often without conscious awareness.
Procedural Memory
A type of implicit memory involving motor skills and routines (e.g., riding a bike).
Prospective Memory
Remembering to perform actions in the future (e.g., taking medicine or attending a meeting).
Three Types of Retention Questions
- Recall2. Recognition3. Relearning
Parallel Processing
The brain’s ability to process multiple streams of information simultaneously.
Long-Term Potentiation (LTP)
Biological process that strengthens synaptic connections through repeated activation, enhancing memory formation.
Working Memory
Another term for short-term memory; temporarily holds and processes information for cognitive tasks.
Visual-Spatial Sketchpad
“Inner eye”; handles visual and spatial information (e.g., imagining a path).
Phonological Loop
Deals with verbal/auditory information and has two subcomponents.
Phonological Store
“Inner ear”; holds spoken words/sounds briefly.
Articulatory Rehearsal Process
“Inner voice”; repeats verbal info to keep it in working memory.
Central Executive
Controls attention and coordinates other parts of working memory.
Episodic Buffer
Temporary storage that integrates information from phonological loop, visual-spatial sketchpad, and long-term memory.
Multi-Store Model of Memory
Explains how information moves through sensory memory → working memory → long-term memory.
Stimulus
Any incoming information (seen, heard, etc.) that initiates memory processing.
Sensory Memory
Initial brief storage of sensory information. Includes iconic and echoic memory.
Iconic Memory
Visual sensory memory; lasts a fraction of a second.
Echoic Memory
Auditory sensory memory; lasts 1 to 4 seconds.
Automatic Processing
Processing of information with little to no conscious effort.
