AP Psychology 2.5: Storing Memories

Question 1

Sensory Memory

Answer 1

Briefest form of memory, lasting only a few seconds.

Question 2

Iconic Memory

Answer 2

Visual sensory memory.

Question 3

Echoic Memory

Answer 3

Auditory sensory memory.

Question 4

Short-Term Memory

Answer 4

Holds ~7 items for about 20–30 seconds.

Question 5

Working Memory

Answer 5

Updated form of short-term memory; processes and stores information for cognitive tasks.

Question 6

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 6

Repeating info to keep it in short-term/working memory.

Question 7

Elaborative Rehearsal

Answer 7

Connecting new info to existing info meaningfully for deeper processing.

Question 8

Long-Term Memory

Answer 8

Unlimited capacity; stores facts, experiences, skills, etc., over long periods.

Question 9

Explicit Memories

Answer 9

Memories of facts and experiences; processed by frontal lobes and hippocampus.

Question 10

Memory Consolidation

Answer 10

Process where short-term memories become long-term; occurs during sleep.

Question 11

Role of Hippocampus

Answer 11

Processes and temporarily holds explicit memories before distributing them.

Question 12

Cerebellum

Answer 12

Involved in forming and storing implicit memories.

Question 13

Basal Ganglia

Answer 13

Also plays a critical role in storing implicit memories.

Question 14

Implicit Memories

Answer 14

Memories without conscious awareness, like skills and conditioned responses.

Question 15

Automatic Processing

Answer 15

Unconscious encoding of info (e.g., time, space, frequency).

Question 16

Effortful Processing

Answer 16

Requires attention and effort to encode information.

Question 17

Flashbulb Memories

Answer 17

Vivid, emotionally charged memories of significant events.

Question 18

Emotions and Memory

Answer 18

Emotions trigger hormone release, strengthening memory formation.

Question 19

Autobiographical Memory

Answer 19

Personal memories tied to one’s own life and experiences.

Question 20

Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM)

Answer 20

Extremely detailed memory for personal life events, often biologically based.

Question 21

Hippocampal Damage

Answer 21

Leads to difficulty recalling explicit memories.

Question 22

Left Hippocampus Damage

Answer 22

Difficulty recalling verbal information.

Question 23

Right Hippocampus Damage

Answer 23

Difficulty recalling visual information.

Question 24

Amnesia

Answer 24

Temporary or permanent memory loss.

Question 25

Anterograde Amnesia

Answer 25

Inability to form new memories; often involves hippocampus damage.

Question 26

Retrograde Amnesia

Answer 26

Inability to recall past information; often due to head trauma.

Question 27

Source Amnesia

Answer 27

Remembering info but not the source of the info.

Question 28

Infantile Amnesia

Answer 28

Inability to recall memories from early childhood (typically before age 3-4).

Question 29

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 29

Neurodegenerative disease affecting memory and cognitive function; disrupts storage and retrieval of new/old memories.