Apes unit 2

Question 1

Sea otter

Answer 1

key stone species bc keep sea urchins n kelp eating animals from eating all the kelps forest which provided a home for other animals

Question 2

population dynamics

Answer 2

study of how and why population change in

distribution
numbers
age structure
density

based on changes in envir

Question 3

population distribution

Answer 3

clumping
uniform
random-rare

Question 4

clumping distribution

Answer 4

most of living things are dispersed this way. why?

• resources a species needs vary greatly in availability
• provide protection from predators
• better chance of hunting
• group for mating and caring for child

Question 5

population size

Answer 5

mostly made up of ppl in reproductive stage=population will increase

mostly made up off postreproductive age=decrease

stable when all ages are equal

Question 6

limits of pop growth

Answer 6

biotic potential

envir resistance

Question 7

biotic potential

Answer 7

capacity for population growth.

Question 8

intrinsic rate of increase

Answer 8

r

rate a population would grow if it had unlimited resources

Question 9

high r

Answer 9

reproduce early and have short generation times
have long reprodictive life
many offspring each birth

Question 10

limiting factors

Answer 10

things/organisms that limit population growth

Question 11

envir resistance

Answer 11

all factors that limit groeth of population

Question 12

carrying capacity

Answer 12

K. not fixed
max population of a species a habitat can sustain indefinetly w/o degradation. determined by biotic potential and envir resistance.
growth rate decreases as the size is near K

Question 13

exponential/geometric growth

Answer 13

starts slwoly then accelerates J curved. bottom part grows bc of r/biotic potential then converts to logistic growth.

Question 14

logistic growth

Answer 14

rapid exponential then growth rate steady decreases population then stabilizes near K bc envir resistance. S shaped. population fluctuates around K. if exceeds then decline.

Question 15

overshoot

Answer 15

exceed K when transitioning from exponential to logistoc. occurs bc of reproductive time lag. population suffers a dieback/crash unless animal switch resources or move

Question 16

reproductive time lag

Answer 16

perioid needed for birth rate to fall n death rate to rise. reesponse to overconsumption of resource. during transition from exponential to logistic and causes an overshoot. after overshoot then dieback/crash

Question 17

How to increase carrying capacity

Answer 17

developing adaptive traits-natural selection.
reduce envir resistance
K increases/decreases seasonally bc weather
migrating to other areas

Question 18

population density

Answer 18

number of individ in population found in a particular area/volume

Question 19

density dependent population controls

Answer 19

factors that limit pop growth when pop density increases. competition, predation,parasitism, disease

Question 20

density independent

Answer 20

abiotic factors that can kill population. not affected by denisty. floods, hurricanes, fire, pollution

Question 21

patterns of variation in population size

Answer 21

stable, irruptive, cyclic, irregular.

Question 22

stable population size

Answer 22

pop size fluctuates around K

Question 23

irrupt pop size

Answer 23

pop growth may irrupt to a high peak then crash. short lived, rapidly reproducing. insects link to seasonal changes

Question 24

cyclic fluation/ boom n bust cycles pop size

Answer 24

regular fluctuation. ex. lemmings, lynx, snowshoe hare

Question 25

top down population regulation

Answer 25

predation

Question 26

bottomup population regulation

Answer 26

resource

Question 27

irregular pop size

Answer 27

irrgular changes in pop size w/o recurring pattern

Question 28

sexual reproduction disadvantages

Answer 28

1. males dont five birth, females have to produce twice as many offspring asexual organisms does 2. increase chance of genetic defects during chromosome splitting 3. courtship/mating ritual consume time/energy

Question 29

advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 29

genetic diversity | male can gather food, protect, train young

Question 30

r selected reproductive patern

Answer 30

high rate of pop increase. small offspring, little parental care, opportunist. reproduced rapidly when conditions are favorable. succesful during envir changes begining. iregular or unstable boomnbust cycle. exponential

Question 31

K selected species

Answer 31

competitor. reproduce later in life, small # of offsprings, long life spans. do good in competition. logistic

Question 32

reproductive pattern give temp. advantage but

Answer 32

availabilitu of suitable habitat determines ultimate pop size

Question 33

survivorship curve

Answer 33

``` represent age structure of a population. shows percentage of members of pop surviving at different ages. late loss (live longer) early loss constant loss (die of all ages) ```

Question 34

life table

Answer 34

shows projected life expectancy/probability of death of members at each stage of survivorship curve