Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
appendicular skeleton components
A
- arms
- legs
- pelvic girdle (hip bones)
- pectoral girdle (shoulder bones)
2
Q
pectoral girdle components
A
- scapula
- clavicle
3
Q
arm components
A
- humerus (upper arm bone)
- radius (lateral lower arm bone)
- ulna (medial lower arm bone)
- carpals
- metacarpals
- pollux and phalanges (digit bones)
4
Q
the clavicle
A
- function = connects scapula to the manubrium
- S shaped
- connects at the acromion process of the scapula
- the clavicle allows for biaxial movement (protraction/retraction and elevation/depression)
5
Q
structures of the clavicle
A
- acromial end
- sternal end
- conoid tubercle (inferior view)
- costal tuberosity (inferior view)
6
Q
tubercle
A
small round projection of the bone
7
Q
tuberosity
A
a large, raised, rough, rounded bony projection
8
Q
scapular structures (posterior)
A
- spine
- supraspinous fossa
- infraspinous fossa
- acromion
- lateral border
- medial border
9
Q
scapular structures (anterior)
A
- coracoid process
- subscapular fossa
10
Q
extra scapular structures
A
- glenoid cavity
- superior angle
- inferior angle
11
Q
glenoid cavity
A
this cavity is shallower than the hip joint and therefore is easier to dislocate
12
Q
humerus structures (proximal)
A
- head
- greater tubercle
- lesser tubercle
- anatomical neck
- intertubercular sulcus
- deltoid tuberosity
13
Q
humerus head
A
14
Q
greater tubercle
A
15
Q
lesser tubercle
A
16
Q
anatomical neck
A
17
Q
intertubercular sulcus
A
18
Q
deltoid tuberosity
A
19
Q
sulcus
A
a furrow/groove
20
Q
humerus structures (distal)
A
- capitulum
- trochlea
- lateral epicondyle
- medial epicondyle
- coronoid fossa
- olecranon fossa
21
Q
capitulum
A
22
Q
trochlea
A
23
Q
lateral epicondyle
A
24
Q
medial epicondyle
A
25
coronoid fossa
26
olecranon fossa
the olecranon process of the ulna fits in this depression of the humerus when the arm is extended
27
radius structures
1. head
2. radial tuberosity
3. neck
4. radial styloid process
5. ulnar notch
28
ulna structures
1. olecranon
2. trochlear notch
3. radial notch
4. coronoid process
5. ulnar tuberosity
6. ulnar styloid process
7. head
29
bones of the wrist and hand
1. carpal bones
2. metacarpal bones
3. phalanges
30
carpal bones
1. scaphoid
2. lunate
3. triquetrum
4. pisiform
5. trapezium
6. trapezoid
7. capitate
8. hamate
31
phalanges
*thumb
1. proximal
2. distal
*other digits
1. proximal
2. middle
3. distal
32
hip bones
1. ilium
2. pubis
3. ischium
33
ilium
34
pubis
35
ischium
36
lower limb bones
1. femur
2. patella
3. tibia
4. fibula
5. tarsals
6. metatarsals
7. hallux
8. other digits
37
iliac fossa
this is depression is deeper in males than in females
38
obturator foramen
largest foramen in the body, made up of the ischium and pubis
39
pubic symphysis
the subpubic angle is more acute in male skeletons
40
pelvic outlet
the space between the brim of each coxal bone, the diameter is smaller in males than in females
41
pelvic inlet
the diameter between the farthest points on the pelvic brim
42
iliac curve
the iliac curve is shallower in females than in males
43
femur structure
1. head
2. fovea
3. neck
4. greater trochanter
5. lesser trochanter
6. intertrochanteric line
7. intertrochanteric crest
8. medial condyle
9. lateral condyle
10. medial epicondyle
11. lateral epicondyle
12. intercondylar fossa
13. popliteal surface
14. patellar surface
44
fovea for ligament of head
a hole in the articular surface of the head of the femur, a ligament passes through this hole to attach to the acetabulum of the pubis, this increases the stability of the hip joint
45
the patella
- a sesamoid bone that protects the knee joint.
- quadriceps tendons and patellar ligaments attach here
- the posterior surface has concave facets for the femoral condyles
46
fibula
theory
- lateral malleolus of the fibula prevents eversion and is lower than the medial malleolus of the tibia
- the fibula is the bone that participates in the ankle joint, you can't walk if your fibula suffers transverse trauma
47
tibia
theory
- the tibia is weight bearing, so if you break your fibula, you can still stand
48
ankle and foot bones
1. tarsal bones
2. metatarsal bones
3. phalanges
49
tarsal bones
1. calcaneus
2. talus
3. navicular
4. cuboid
5. medial cuneiform
6. intermediate cuneiform
7. lateral cuneiform
50
calcaneus and talus theory
the calcaneus is the largest bone in the foot, and the talus is the second largest
51
metatarsal and hallux numbering
number the phalanges 1-5 starting with the hallux (big toe)
52
identification using the skeleton
with the skeleton we can determine the following information...
1. racial differences --> look at skull and pelvic bones
2. medical history
3. body size
4. muscle mass
5. age --> look at ossification
6. sex --> look at skull and pelvic bones
