Axial Skeleton Structures Flashcards
1
Q
axial skeleton consists of
A
- skull bones
- auditory ossicles
- hyoid bone (floating bone)
- vertebral column
- thoracic cage
2
Q
axial skeleton functions
A
- support framework
- protection for sense organs
- attachment for muscles of the head, neck and trunk
3
Q
3 divisions of the skull
A
- facial
- cranial
- associated bones
4
Q
facial bones
A
- maxillae
- palatine bones
- nasal bones
- inferior nasal conchae
- zygomatic bones
- lacrimal bones
- vomer
- mandible
5
Q
associated bones
A
- hyoid bone
- auditory ossicles (in the temporal bone)
5
Q
cranium bones
A
- occipital bone
- parietal bones
- frontal bone
- temporal bones
- sphenoid
- ethmoid
6
Q
auditory ossicles (MIS)
A
- malleus
- incus
- stapes
7
Q
lambdoid suture
A
suture between the occipital and parietal bones
8
Q
sagittal suture
A
suture separating left and right parietal bones
9
Q
external occipital protuberance
A
protruding region of the occipital bone
10
Q
occipital bone
A
lower bone of skull
11
Q
mastoid process
A
neck muscles attach here
12
Q
external acoustic meatus
A
channel of the ear
13
Q
zygomatic process of the temporal bone
A
protrusion extending from the temporal bone towards the zygomatic process
14
Q
styloid process
A
sharp protrusion coming from the bottom of the skull. attaches and facilitates movement of the skeletal muscles of the tongue
15
Q
temporal process of the zygomatic bone
A
protrusion extending from the zygomatic bone pointing towards the temporal bone
16
Q
supra-orbital foramen
A
foramen found on the frontal bone above the orbital cavity
17
Q
nasal bone
A
paired bones found at the apex of the nasal cavity
18
Q
maxilla bone
A
one of the major skull bones, it forms the upper jaw
19
Q
mandible bone
A
lower jaw, connected to the rest of the skull via mandibular fossa
20
Q
infra-orbital foramen
A
opening present on the maxillae, it is below the orbital cavity
21
Q
ethmoid
A
internal bone structure found interiorly to the skull, it borders the lacrimal bone and can be seen through the eye socket
22
Q
inferior orbital fissure
A
opening inferior to the superior orbital fissure, can be seen in the eye socket
23
Q
middle nasal concha
A
found in the nasal cavity and is above the inferior nasal concha
24
perpendicular plate of ethmoid
found in the nasal cavity, it forms the septum of the nose
25
superior orbital fissure
orbital fissure that's above the inferior orbital fissure, it can be seen through the orbital cavity
-oculomotor (CN III)
-trochlear (CN IV)
-trigeminal nerve (CN V)
26
nasal cavity
large opening on the anterior of the skull, it contains the vomer, perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, middle and inferior nasal concha
27
vomer
horizontal forward facing plate, and supports the structure of the nasal passages
28
nasal concha
these are protruding shelves of the nose that support the turbinates which warm and humidify air
29
eye socket
contains ...
1. optic canal
2. superior orbital fissure
3. inferior orbital fissure
4. ethmoid and lacrimal bones
30
optic canal
this transmits the optic nerve
31
lacrimal bones
supports the nasolacrimal duct which drains tears
32
foramen magnum
largest foramen of the skull, the lower brainstem passes through (medulla)
33
occipital condyles
rests on the atlas and axis cervical vertebrae, assists in the movement of the head
34
condyloid fossa
receives the posterior protrusion of the atlas vertebrae
35
condyloid foramen
center of the condyloid fossa
36
obturator foramen
largest foramen in the body, between the pubis and ischium
37
atlanto-axial joint
shake head no
38
atlanto-occipital
nod head yes
39
palatine process of the maxilla
the roof of the mouth
40
palatine bone
forms the hard palate
41
greater palatine foramen
allowed the greater palatine nerve to pass through
42
lesser palatine foramen
innervation to the soft palate
43
incisive fossa
bony depression at the front of the maxilla behind the teeth, contains the incisive foramen
44
incisive foramen
opening for the nerves and vessels that innervate the palate
45
internal nares
opening of the nasal cavity into the pharynx
46
foramen lacerum
47
carotid canal
passage of the carotid artery, next to the foramen lacerum
48
foramen ovale
part of the ROS acronym
-rotundum, ovale, spinosum
49
foramen spinosum
part of the ROS acronym
-rotundum, ovale, spinosum
50
jugular foramen
passage of the jugular artery, underneath the internal acoustic meatus, next to the foramen magnum
51
stylomastoid foramen
passage of the facial nerve and stylomastoid artery
52
crista galli
connects the dura matter of the brain
53
cribriform plate
has the orbital foramina
54
olfactory foramina
passage of the nerve fibers of the olfactory nerve
55
sphenoid bone
bat shaped bone that contains the...
1. ROS foramina
2. lesser wings
3. greater wings
4. sella turcica
56
temporal bone
bones on the side of head that contain the...
1. petrous part of the temporal bone
2. zygomatic process of the temporal bone
3. external acoustic meatus
4. mastoid process
5. styloid process
57
foramen rotundum
part of the ROS foramina, especially seen on the sphenoid bone
58
internal acoustic meatus
opposite side of the external acoustic meatus
59
sella turcica
part of the sphenoid that holds the pituitary gland
60
petrous part of the temporal bone
hardest part of the temporal bone that stores the auditory ossicles (MIS)
61
anterior cranial fossa
frontal lobe
62
middle cranial fossa
temporal lobe
63
posterior cranial fossa
cerebellum
64
hypoglossal canal
passage of the hypoglossal nerve (CN 12) which stimulates the movement of the tongue, right next to the foramen magnum
65
frontal sinus
air pocket of the frontal bone
66
sphenoidal sinus
air pockets of the sphenoid bone
67
styloid process
sharp bone protruding anteriorly from the base of the skull, it connects skeletal muscle of the tongue
68
condyloid foramen
present in the condayloid fossa
69
occipital condyle
bony protrusions near the foramen magnum
70
mandibular fossa of the temporal bone
bony depression that receives the condylar process of the mandible
71
maxillary sinuses
air pockets of the maxillae
72
anterior nasal spine
just below the nasal cavity
73
alveolar processes
part of the bone that connects to the teeth, these are present on the mandible
74
mental foramen
foramen on the mandible, mental coming from mentis meaning chin
75
ramus
tall part of the mandible that houses the coronoid process and condylar process
76
coronoid process
one of the processes of the mandibular notch, it is the forward facing process
77
mandibular notch
protrusion from the ramus and houses the coronoid and condylar processes
78
angle (mandible)
the angle between the ramus and the body of the mandible
79
body (mandible)
lower portion of the mandible, the longitudinal part that is parallel with the teeth
80
mental protuberance
a notch on the frontmost part of the mandible (chin area)
81
nasal septum
separates the left and right nasal cavities and is made up of the perpendicular plate of the ethmoid and the vomer
82
ethmoidal air cells
many air pockets of the ethmoid that sit above the sphenoidal sinuses
83
hyoid bone
floating bone that is supported by nearby muscle tissues, it is important in breathing, swallowing and speaking. this contains the...
1. greater horn
2. lesser horn
3. body
84
greater horn
larger horns towards the back of the hypoid bone
85
lesser horn
anterior to the greater horns, these are sharp and delicate
86
body (hyoid)
front most part of the hyoid bone
87
anterior fontanel
towards the front of the baby skull
88
posterior fontanel
towards the back of the baby skull
89
sphenoidal fontanel
on the side of the baby skill near the temple
90
mastoidal fontanel
on the side of the baby skull nearest to the mastoid process
91
cervical curve
curve of the cervical vertebrae
92
thoracic curve
one of the two curves first established in the womb, curve of the thoracic vertebrae
93
lumbar curve
curve of the lumbar vertebrae
94
sacral curve
the second of the vertebral curves formed in the womb
95
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
96
kyphosis
abnormal posterior thoracic curvature
97
lordosis
exaggerated anterior curvature of the lumbar region
98
intervertebral discs
separates the vertebral bodies of the spine, there are two layers...
1. annulus fibrosis tissue
2. nucleus pulposus
there are no intervertebral discs between C1 and C2
99
spinous process
bony protrusion that extends posteriorly from the vertebrae and is present on every vertebrae, but gets larger further down the spine
100
transverse process
bony protrusions extending transversely from the vertebrae
101
vertebral body
supports the weight of body and is separated by the intervertebral discs
102
vertebral foramen
created by the vertebral arches
103
intervertebral foramen
formed by the vertebral bodies being separated intervertebral discs
104
bifida spinous process
notch on the atlas and axis vertebrae that is opposite of the vertebral body
105
transverse foramen
opening on the sides of atlas vertebrae that is unique to cervical vertebrae
106
transverse ligament
ligament on the atlas that locks the dens of the axis vertebrae from moving
107
dens
upward facing protrusion of the axis that is secured in place by the transverse ligament
108
sacrum
between the lumbar and the coccyx, it is comprised of 5 fused vertebrae
109
coccyx
the lowest part of the axial skeleton, it is anteriorly facing in men and inferiorly facing in women (to assist in child birth). this is made of 3-5 fused bones
110
thoracic cage
made up of the sternum, the ribs and the vertebrae
111
true ribs (1-7)
these are ribs that are connected direction to the sternum via costal cartilage
112
false ribs (8-12)
these are ribs that either don't have direct connection to the sternum or are floating
113
floating ribs (11-12)
ribs that are connected posteriorly at the vertebrae but are not connected to anything at the front
114
head (ribs)
the end of the rib that articulates with the transverse processes of the vertebrae
115
neck (ribs)
thinner portion of the ribs between the head and tubercle
116
tubercle (ribs)
enlarged portion of the ribs behind the head and neck of the ribs
117
angle (ribs)
curvature of the ribs
118
costal grove (ribs)
inside portion of the rib that houses the intercostal artery, vein, and nerve
119
body (ribs)
straightest portion of the ribs and connects with the costal cartilage (if true)
120
manubrium
attachment point on the sternum for the jugular notch and clavicular articulation
121
body
between the manubrium and the xiphoid process
122
xiphoid process
lowest part of the sternum
123
jugular notch
connects to the jugular
124
clavicular articulation
connects to the clavicle
125
