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Approaches Flashcards

(64 cards)

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1
Q

Wudnt

A

Tested coworkers who were his participants responses of thoughts feelings and senses to a stimulus of a ticking metronome in a highly controlled lab setting and they had to self report thoughts feeling and sensations

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2
Q

Introspection

A

Analysing your own thoughts and feelings internally

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3
Q

Behaviourists beliefs

A

Believed scientific psychology should be to just study things that can be observed and measured

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4
Q

Cognitive psychologists

A

Believed the mind is like a computer and make inferences on how these work by conducting scientific lab experiments
And see the study of mental processes as highly scientific

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5
Q

Biological approach

A

Uses brain scans to investigate activity in the brain (genetic testing )

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6
Q

Pavlov

A

Dogs and saliva
Unconditioned stimulus- unconditioned response
Neutral stimulus- no response
Repeat
Neautral stimulis +conditionec stimulus=conditione response
Classical conditioning

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7
Q

Tabula rasa

A

All behaviour is learnt by environment

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8
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Reward for good behaviour - good behaviour continuously happens

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9
Q

Punishment t

A

Punished for bad behaviour- bad behaviour stops

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10
Q

Negative reinforcement

A

In bad situation and good behaviour is shown- releif of bad situation

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11
Q

Shaping

A

Behaviour led to target behaviour is rewarded

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12
Q

What we’re behaviourists interested in studying

A

Observerable behaviour

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13
Q

What do behaviourists study

A

Animals

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14
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Learning a behaviour which is shaped and maintained by its consequences

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15
Q

Classical conditioning definition

A

Learning by association
2 stimuli are repeatedly paired together (food and bell)

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16
Q

What year was the first psychology lab established

A

1879

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17
Q

Skinner box

A

Put rats In a box with a lever, food and water dispenser and the rat learned to press the lever to get food -positive reinforcement
Made floor electric so rat learned to press lever to stop being electricuted-negative reinforcement

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18
Q

Vicarious conditioning

A

Through someone else

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19
Q

Objective way

A

Free from bias

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20
Q

What did bandura belive

A

Between stimulus and response was mediational processes

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21
Q

What do Social learning theorist learn by

A

Learn by observation

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22
Q

Bandura

A

Group a children were put in a room with an adult who acted aggressive towards a bobo doll so the children then did
Group b children were in a room with an adult who behaved non aggressivel to the bobo doll so the children were less aggressive

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23
Q

Mediational processes

A

Attention (learning)
Retention (learning)
Motor reproduction (performance)
Motivation( performance)

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24
Q

Deterministic

A

All behaviour is controlled

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25
Drod
For slt Deterministic Real word application Over simplistic Difficulties measuring cognitive factors
26
Dros
Behaviourists Deterministic Real world application Over simplistic Scientific
27
Live role models
People close to us like family
28
Simboloc role models
role models in the media
29
Chromosome
Found in the nucleus Made up of dna that is inherited from parents
30
DNA
Carries units of information Made up of chemicals that forms chromosomes
31
Gene
Influence every aspect of our bodily structure and function
32
Genotype
Genetic makeup Dictates characteristics such as eye and hair colour
33
Phenotype
A product of what happens when the genotype interacts with the environment Physical characteristic such as height (Genotype dictates the height but environmental factors such as nutrition can affect there end height
34
Weakness of wudnt
ps wokt have exactly the same thoughts No consistancy
35
Strength of wudnt
If he hadn’t set up first lab then psychology may have still been tied to its philosophical roots Shows his work paved way for psychology
36
Strength of operant and classical conditioning
Lab studies have tight control and animals can’t guess aim Making it valid
37
A weakness of operant and classical conditioning
Carried out on animals which can’t generalise to humans which lacks validity
38
Evolutionary links
Phobias , attraction, aggression
39
Concordance rate
Extent to which both twins share a disorder or trait
40
Strength of using twins
Share 100% of genes higher concordance rate
41
Weakness of using twins
Exposed to similar environmental conditions Findings can be nurture and not nature
42
Mono twins raised togther percentage
87% concordance rate
43
Mono twins raised apart percentage
72% concordance
44
Dye zygotic twins raised togtger
60%
45
Siblings raised togther percentage
47%
46
Emergence of psychology
Behaviourists Cognitive psychologists Biological approach
47
Strength of emergence of psychology
Can claim to be scientific As it uses scientific methods And Psychology has established its self as scientific discipline
48
Weakness for the emergence of psychology
Not all aproaches use objective measures Studying humans can respond to demand characteristics Experiences Coukd be desirable
49
Identification in slt
When an individual relates to the model they are more likely to imitate them
50
Classical conditioning stimulus and response ( order of how it works)
Unconditioned stimulus-unconditioned response Neutral stimulus-no response Repeat unconditioned stimulus with neutral stimulus Neutral stimulus-conditioned stimulus =conditioned response
51
3 types of mental processes that cognitive psychologist study
Attention, memory, forgetting
52
What theoretical models do cognitive psychologists use
Multi-store model
53
What do cognitive psychologist believe computers used to stimulate human mental abilities
Ai
54
What are schemas
A mental framework
55
What do schemas do
Predict how to act and process information quickly making shortcuts
56
What do cognitive psychologist believe how humans process information
Input process output
57
What is cognitive neuro science
Scientific study of brain structures and processes responsible for mental processes
58
What did broca discover
An area of the frontal lobe is responsible for speech production
59
What are PET AND FMRI scans used for
To understand how areas of the brain are linked to different cognitive activities and emotions
60
A strength of cognitive neuroscience
It’s provided scientific evidence Such as scanning techniques And research has resulted in the development of new treatments
61
A weakness for cognitive neuroscience
Fmri scans have been used in court to as lie detectors Fmri scans track blood flow in the brain so they can see if the brain is over working to create a lie However no brain technology is sufficient enough to make legal conclusions in regards to guilt
62
Hm case study
He had seizures that wernt responding to treatments so he went to dr scoville who removed his hippocampus His epilepsy improved but he had permanent memory loss and couldn’t store information after operation His procedural memory was fine as he Coukd do the mirror drawing test
63
Strength for Hm case study (what proves understanding what has been useful what does it support and what is it proves useful for)
Qualitative data provides in-depth understanding of the patient Masses of data gathered has been useful to help us understand how memory works and supports models of memory Proved useful for studying abnormal behaviour
64
Weakness for Hm case study
It uses a small sample size of one person Limits how far psychologist can generalise there finding to population Can be biased and has low population validity

Psychology (9 decks)

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