Approaches-biological Approach Flashcards
(18 cards)
Approaches
Biological approach and it’s asumptions
Rooted in physiology n bio of body.examines bio process’s occurring n how affect individual.
Assumptions
Genetics-posses influence over his or her behaviour
Evolution-behaviour evolves in same way as physical characters by adaptation .examining non humans is useful cus humans n animals evolved through same process.
Central nervous system(brain n spinal cord) origin of how world is seen n acted on by individual
Biochem-varying let’s of chemicals found in brain -neurotransmitters n body (hormones) thought to be related to individuals behaviour .believed to influence reactions to environment.
Approaches
Biological approach
Influence of genes on behaviour
Heredity is process where characteristics r passed from generation to next genes-these carry instructions (coding)for a trait ,bio psychs belive behaviour characteristics eg intelligence n personality inherited in Same way as physical eg height or eye colour .
Appraoches
Biological approach
Genetic basis of behaviour
Each person born with 23 Paris of chromosomes from parents.-genotype everyone has unique possession of genetic instructions so personality n intelligence differ .
Approaches
Genetic basis of behaviour
Twin studies
Often use twin studies n adopted studies to see if genes underpin certain behaviours
Compare pairs of monozygotic-100%same -identical and dizygotic -non identical twins -50%same .
Concordance rates -extent to which characteristica of behaviour is same.-indicates how much of behaviour is genetic .
MZ concordance rate 48% gottesman schizo DZ concordance rate 17 %
Appraoches
Biological approach
Adoption studies
Concordance rate between adopted child n bio parent.kids share 50% with bio but 0% adoptive parent .if high concordance between bio parent n child ,behaviour must be genetic cus not possible child learnt from bio parent .cus not brought up by em
Approaches
Biological approach
Genotype
Genotype
Genetic make up occurs at conception .provides genetic code for how individual will deevelop.dictates such characteristic as eye n hair colour .we all have unique genes
-unless ur an identical twin
Approaches
Biological approach
Phenotype
Genetic make up influenced by environment -height genotype dictates potential height but environmental factors will affect likelihood person achieves it
Maybe took a drug or had poor nutrition that inhibits growth.
Pheno is height they become
Appraoches
Biological approach
Evolution in behaviour
Beivelie physical characteristics n behaviour evolve cus individuals in same species naturally differ from eachother n at least some of this variation is inherited .same species compete for access to recourse -mates ,food to survive -winner goes on to produce n pass genes on.-natural selection
Any genetically determined behaviour is from drive to survive.so behaviour will be passed on n eventually widespread in pop.
Approaches
Biological approach
Natural selection process
Random mutation.in genetic make up leads to trsit occurring (physical of behaviour) if change means it leads to survival or chance to reproduce increase.then more likely to mate n pass on gene .eventually prevenlant in human race.
Approaches
Biological approach
Human behaviour that may of resulted from evolution process
Maternal love-powerfukl emotion that increases chance of woman’s offspring surviving -adaptive
Mate preferences-adaptive males prefer women to display characteristics of fertility so more able to give birth n females prefer males who display status cus increase chance of provision of recourses to increase survival of offspring.
Aggression adaptive improve survival rates n increase access to recourses helps protect territory increasing chance of reproduction.
Approaches
Biological approach
Influence of Neurochemistry on behaviour
Bio chemistry of central nervous system.transmitical of chemicals with neurotransmitters through brain fluid. High level of dopamine neurontransmitter dopamine =schizophrenia
When nerve impulse reaches end of one neuron a neurotransmitter released from one neuron to next across junction called synapse
Serotonin is inhibitory neurotransmitter
Approaches
Biological approach
Key points for essays qs
Behaviour is effected by genetics,central nerve system ,biochem,evolution.suggests genes influence behaviour through heredity as behaviours may maybe inherited from one or both bio parent.levs of specific hormones in system can effect behaviour.endocrine glands secrete hormones in bloodstream altering activity of cell causing behaviour change.nuerotransmitters very important high legs of dopamine cause schizo. Suggest solution influence cus ppl naturally differ from eachother n some of it gotta be inherited. Natural selection effects behaviour when random change -mutation in genetic make up leading to trait occurring if trait is reproductive its passed on future gens eventually prevalent in species
Approaches
Bio approach evaluation
Lead to successful treatment
Drugs n antidepressants n anit anxiety drugs.good for psychological formalities eg soomro et Al found SSRIs show significant better results than placebo for reducing depressive symptoms -stabilise mood.effectiveness suggests some validity n merit.
Approaches
Biological approach
Storage Empirical evidence
Method of investigation adopts techniques largely objective eg brainscans -PET scans-blood sows up or i ddont .sophisticated imagining increased precision n Objectivity-reduces misconceptions. Cause n effect reliable n objective
Lead to progress in discpline
Approaches
Biological approach evaluation
Use non human animals
Regularly use rats n mice eg for researc cus ez to control n manipulate to establish cause n effect.limmitation cus research might not provide valid explanation of human behaviour as culture emotions n cognition play greater role.
Approaches
Biological approach
Link to issues n debates
Nature over nuture side of nature nuture debate
Solely bio factors genes n neurchem ignore whether of evidence suggesting environmental factors contribute eg effects of Operant n classical conditioning many disagree
Approaches
Biological approach
Issues n debates
Takes reductionism side of holistim v reductionism debate
Attempts to explain complex behaviour with smallest component parts eg genes neurochem n hormones.
Approaches
Biological approach
Determinism side of freewill v determinism debate
Product of external influences -bio determinism individual can’t control own bio process can’t be help responsible for behaviour.many believe we have choice in how we behave
