Approaches Cognitive Approach-emergence Of Cognitive Neuroscience Flashcards
(12 cards)
Appraoches
Emergence of Cognitive Neuroscience
Background info
Scientific study of brain structur n mental processes
Biological basis to thought,understand role of neurons
fMRI n PET scans enables systematic observe n describe neurological process -studying living brain.understanding brain structures involved in mental processes help better understand range of behaviours
Help understand cig activity by showing which parts become active in diff circumstances
. Cog Neuroscience study mem neural processes ,attention perception.n awareness social cognition n impacts of impairments .
Appraoches
Emergence of Cognitive Neuroscience
Practical app
FfMRI
Measures blood flow when person perform task .works with neurons most active during task .use most energy .increase in blood flow response to need for more 02 in area when brain becomes active suggests increase in neural activity
Appraoches
Emergence of Cognitive Neuroscience
PET scans
Activity in brain shows up cus presence of radio active glucose molecule tracer .glucose source of energy for any part of body.whereever energy used ,tracers build up n shows up on scan as bright colour .analysed by computor to build overall pic of that part of body
Appraoches
Emergence of Cognitive Neuroscience
Use of pet scans to test LTM
Talking eg lab exp ppts diff mem tasks used PRT scan determine which parts brain were using .tasks with semantic mem used left .prefrontal cortex n those used episodic mem use right side of pre frontal
Episodic n semantic 2 seperate -controlled by diff parts PET able to provide evidence for model of LTM
Appraoches
Emergence of Cognitive Neuroscience
Practical app can be controversial
Eg use of brain fingerprinting for lie detection in courts .tech ique that measures brain waves from EEG to determine wether specific data is stored in subjects of cog mem.
First used in criminal case 1999 James grinder confessed to commiting murder that happened 15 yrs prior .in short time.e after confession he retracted statements .police struggled to incriminate grinder cus offense was old police got Dr Lawrence farewell who discovered brain fingerprint soon after test grinder confessed murder of juilie helton n 3 others aswell
Lead to wrongfully convictions n misconceptions
Appraoches
Cognitive Neuroscience
Summ of key points for essays
Cog psychs study non Empirical thought processes by observing behaviour n making inferences on their mind.emphasies role of schemas .schema is mental framework formed through experince n incorporates our ideas about prs on situation .help brain to interpret info n significantly affect how we behave .theoretical models explaing n describing mind n behaviour in series of distinct steps ,puts forward computor analogy .influenced psych by dividing cog Neuroscience. Scientific study of brains structures or mental processes main focus is for biological basis to thought to understand role of neurons in processes
Appraoches
Cognitive approach
Produced successful treatment
CBT aims to identify chanllenge maladaptive thoughts n alter dysfunctional behaviour .treatment found effective for a range of psychological abnormalities eg colon found fewer depressed patients relapse after 12 weeks of CBT 40% than those taking drugs 45%
Appraoches
Cognitive approach
Mostly uses human ppts
Diff to behaviourism mostly using animals extrapolate
Possible to generalise results
Providing more valid explanation of human behaviour than other approaches
Appraoches
Cognitive approach
Assumptions based on strong Empirical evidence
Experimental as main method of investigation provides rigorous method for understanding mind .Peterstone n Peterstone eg lab exp to test duration of STM ask ppts to recall trigrams after intervals 3 6 9 12 15 18 secs in controlled conditions
Objective n reliable establishes cause n effects enhanced scientific status of psych led to scienfic progress in discipline
Appraoches
Cognitive approach
Low ecological val
Many studies tend to use tasks that don’t reflect ppts natural everyday experince eg baddely experiment into encoding of LTM asked ppts to recall 10 words they heard in correct order .artificial test materials .meaningless in everyday life .unlikely to reflect genuine behaviour
Appraoches
Cognitive approach
Link to issues n debates
Soft determinism approach
Recog ises cognitive systems Only operate within limits of what we know but free to think before response
More interactionist approach than the hard determinism approach put forward by behaviourism n biological .
Appraoches
Cognitive approach
Link to issues n debates
Reductionist hence over simplistic
Cognitive reduction
-argues behaviour no matter how complex, can be reduced to simplie Cognitive processes like memory n perception ,also argue machine reductions I’m when we treat human min as computor ,fail to consider emotion on decisions
May not provide complete explanation of human behaviour
