APUSH 1st semester exam review

Question 1

the puritans and government

Answer 1

advocated for theocracy

Question 2

colonial relations with native americans

Answer 2

relations were up and down depending on where you were, Quakers had the best relationship with Native Americans

Question 3

indentured servants

Answer 3

signed a labor contract, came from Europe (England), someone else paid their way and in return they signed a labor contract, had to work about 5-7 years, if they lived they were supposed to get freedom dues or land, not all lived (tend to get worked to death), tried to solve the labor problem initially

Question 4

bacons rebellion

Answer 4

indentured servants started rebelling, scared the planters off from using indentured servants, so they turned to slavery, indirectly led to expansion of slavery in the colonies (chesapeake colonies specifically)

Question 5

women in colonial america

Answer 5

couldn’t vote, could only own property if their husband wasn’t around, had some rights but not the same as men, regarded as weaker than men physically, morally, and intellectually which was their justification

Question 6

the primary economic pursuit of new france

Answer 6

made their money through fur trading, taking less land so they had better relations with native americans

Question 7

proclamation of 1763

Answer 7

kept settlers from moving beyond Appalachian mountains, drew a line they couldn’t cross, following the French and Indian war, wars over (British and colonists win) and this was set up because the king didn’t want to start another war with native americans because wars are expensive

Question 8

mercantilism

Answer 8

economics, the idea that colonies exist for the benefit of the mother country, colonies are supposed to provide raw materials, for the American colonies, also provided market for finished goods, accumulating as much wealth as possible, could use their resources to build ships, exploitation of the colonies

Question 9

sugar act

Answer 9

tax on sugar, increased the price of sugar for the colonists, they did not know why the price was higher because it was an indirect tax

Question 10

stamp act

Answer 10

direct tax bc the colonists paid it, was a tax on printed goods (newspapers, wills, marriage licenses, playing cards), the colonists got the most upset about this one bc it was taxation without representation

Question 11

declaration of independence

Answer 11

purpose was to declare independence, meant for france so they take it seriously so we can get allies and money from france bc wars are expensive

Question 12

whigs

Answer 12

opposition party to the king and england (similiar to patriots)

Question 13

loyalists and tories

Answer 13

loyal to britain (england)

Question 14

patriots

Answer 14

for the american revolution

Question 15

quakers

Answer 15

settle in pennslyvania, had good relations with native americans, peaceful, pacifists, didn’t believe in slavery, first anti-slavery society (very vocal in that)

Question 16

northwest ordinance of 1787

Answer 16

(illinois, michigan, ohio), set up a way to turn new territories to states, bans slavery in the territories and set up a way to bring new states in

Question 17

the land ordinance of 1785

Answer 17

divides the NW territories up into squares, provides an orderly way to sell the land and get it distributed, set aside a plot of land for public education

Question 18

constitution (debates)

Answer 18

debate over states representation (state or population), debate over slavery (3/5 compromise), added fugitive slave law, Connecticut compromise (house=pop, senate=1 state 2 senators)

Question 19

bill of rights

Answer 19

known as the first 10 amendments of the constitution, not included is votes for everybody, can only vote if you were a white male

Question 20

xyz affair

Answer 20

diplomatic disagreement between us and france, led to the Quasi war in Frnace (but it was a war that was never officially declared)

Question 21

alien and sedition acts

Answer 21

passed by John Adams (federalist pres), he passed them bc he was concerned about Jeffersonian Democratic rep. and wanted to limit them, sedition= to silence the critics by preventing newspapers from printing anything against the war or administration, people were very vocal about the issues with England and france (particularly how we were not handling england), silenced free speech

Question 22

virginia and kentucky resolutions

Answer 22

about the nullification principle, Madison wrote virgina resolution and Thomas Jefferson wrote kentucky resolution, both were against alien and sedition acts, said that a state had the ability to nullify laws, later it was confirmed Supreme court had the right to do this but wasn’t firmly established yet

Question 23

midnight judges

Answer 23

John Adams loses the election of 1800 (rev of 1800), Adams and federalists were out and Jeffersonian and the democratic republicans were now in, as he was leaving John Adams appointed a bunch of judges that became known as the midnight judges bc they were given their judging duties midnight the day before (last min), led to Marbury v Madison (that established jud. review)

Question 24

the star spangled banner

Answer 24

inspired by the war of 1812, written by Francis Scott Key during the battle at Fort McHenry, became our national anthem (1814)

Question 25

battle of new orleans

Answer 25

occured during the war of 1812, happened after the peace treaty had been signed, Andrew Jackson was the general in this big victory which would lead him to presidency, the US won this battle

Question 26

Adams-Onis treaty

Answer 26

had issues with bandits in Florida that went and attacked settlements in GA, sent Andrew Jacksonn to put down all that trouble, Spain controlled Florida as that time but were unable to control the situation so Spain sold Florida to us bc they were afraid we would take it anyway

Question 27

nullification crisis

Answer 27

involves South Carolina, attempting to nullify tariffs (tariff of abominations), John C Calhoun, gets really bad quickly, Henry Clay came up with a compromise

Question 28

nativism

Answer 28

the natives were americans who have been there for many years who don't want things to change, want to keep it the way it has always been, natives were against immigrants, protestants were against catholics

Question 29

the cotton economy

Answer 29

brought in a lot of wealth/capital to the south, Great Britain was their biggest customer, used cotton to make clothes and all those factories, England was where the industrial revolution began

Question 30

cult of domesticity

Answer 30

women belong in the household, their domestic sphere, glorified women roles as homemakers while men were outside working/voting

Question 31

infrastructure in the early 1800s

Answer 31

railroads, canals, steam boats, need this for trading, more trade more the economy grows, mostly in the north, southern economy expands bc of cotton and tobacco

Question 32

mormons

Answer 32

primarily settling out west in Utah, started in the burned over district and bc of persecution moved west

Question 33

horace mann

Answer 33

associated with education, pioneered massachusetts, Jefferson wanted a nation of hard working clean living and educated farmers, horace mann popularizes that antebellum movement

Question 34

women and the reform movement

Answer 34

typically middle class, had a lot of free time, weren't being paid, women became very active in these movements

Question 35

dorothea dix

Answer 35

asylum and prison reform, went undercover and wrote an expose

Question 36

edgar allen poe

Answer 36

wrote dark poems/stories, one of the reversed great writers, his material is read in England, cultural icon

Question 37

slave resistance

Answer 37

slaves slowed down the work pace, broke machinery, ran away, tried to revolt (slave rebellions) but weren't successful

Question 38

slave rebellions

Answer 38

unsuccessful

Question 39

texas annexation

Answer 39

balance bc of slavery caused a hold up when annexing, if it was admitted as a slave state it would potentially upset the balance in Congress, Texas got its independence from Mexico and they wanted to be annexed so they didn't have to deal with tariffs and it would make it easier

Question 40

wilmot proviso

Answer 40

US won the Mexican-American war which allowed a lot of land to come in called the Mexican cession, big debate in regard to the mexican cession was slavery or no slavery, WP was almost passed and it said that there wouldn't be slavery, it would prohibit slavery in any territory gained from Mexico, passed in the House bc there was more free states but blocked in Senate bc it's 50/50, scares the South

Question 41

popular sovereignty

Answer 41

states decide whether or not there was going to be slavery, steven douglass popularized it and uses it to try to get votes since he wants to run for president

Question 42

compromise of 1850

Answer 42

dealt with territory in the Mexican cession, called for California is free and popular soverignty in New Mexico, a tougher fugitive slave act and no slave trade in Washington, DC, on paper it looked like North came on top but South got fugitive slave act which most states didn't enforce, another thing that pushes the North and South further away from eachother

Question 43

uncle tom's cabin

Answer 43

written by Harriet Beacher Stowe and was a book about slavery and how bad it was, impact=upset the North and led to an increased abolitionism in the North and kept France and Britain out of the war and kept them from siding with the South

Question 44

Dred Scott case

Answer 44

Dred Scott was a slave/former slabve, spent time in free territories, he believed he should be considered free, supreme court did not rule in his favor and said 1) he is not a citizen so he can't sue and no slaves could sue for freedom and 2) all the compromises that restricted slavery were invalid, south loved this, created controversy

Question 45

the principles of southern succession

Answer 45

they said it was all about states rights/independence, the ability to exist the way they want to, following the colonies example in the American revolution, the North was threatening property rights (slaves/slave labor)

Question 46

foreign aid to the south

Answer 46

south was hoping for foreign aid from france and britain bc the south had cotton which is something they thought Britain would really want, British people were against this (British public opinion), essentially was the south's diplomacy and what they were hoping for

Question 47

southern (confederate) government

Answer 47

their constitution was very similiar to the US constitution, emphasized states rights and the freedom to own slaves, hurt Jefferson Davis when it came to helping the confederacy bc it's state > federal, made it harder for him to do his job

Question 48

civil war's affect on the northern economy

Answer 48

helped tremendously bc all the factories producing military goods during the war began producing manufactured/consumer goods, led to wealth in the North and expanding and paid for high tarriffs that prevented importation of goods after the war

Question 49

the civil wars effect on women

Answer 49

men were fighting, women were working/managing businesses in particularly North, in South they had to manage the plantation

Question 50

African American soldiers in the civil war

Answer 50

fought in many battles and fought well, following the war they had a strong case for citizenship (14th amendment) bc of their large amount of effort during the war

Question 51

battle of gettysburg

Answer 51

last southern attack on North, Robert E Lee was southern general who took it to the north, this was done out of desperation bc he is running out of troops, trying for a big victory to break union's will to fight, south was unsuccessful and was a turning point battle bc after this the south has no chance of a military victory that just have to hope the North gets tired of voting

Question 52

presidential reconstruction

Answer 52

Lincoln was most associated with this, he had a plan to bring the states back in (10% plan- once 10% of the citizens of a state take the oath of allegiance that state is back in), that was his goal, easy reconstruction, he got assassinated so the south got radical rep. reconstruction

Question 53

ku klux klan

Answer 53

reaction to all these changes happening, some southerners pushing back against blacks and republicans (carpetbaggers and scalawags), wanted to keep the freedmen from voting bc they would vote republican

Question 54

buffalo soldiers

Answer 54

name given to african american troops that fought against native americans, were examples of African Americans fighting on the south side of the US gov against Native Americans, NA said they were tough soldiers and were intimidating

Question 55

causes of war b/w plains indians and the US government

Answer 55

Indians were pushing back bc their land was being taken, land was being taken from their reservations, fighting back bc of massacres that were inflicted upon them and fighting back bc of their original nomadic life following the buffalo and the buffalo were massacred to try to force Native Americans to settle down and become farmers

Question 56

significant native american leaders

Answer 56

sitting bull- north, leader of the sioux chief joseph- north, leader of the Nez Perce geronimo- south, leader of apache

Question 57

reasons for the defeat of the plains indians

Answer 57

wounded knee (1890) was last battle of indian wars, the buffalo all being killed was what forced them to settle down

Question 58

helen hunt jackson

Answer 58

wrote a book called "A Century of Dishonor," talked about the mistreatment of Native Americans by the US govt, did not have a lot of impact at the time but it showed that not everybody agreed with how Native Americans were being treated during the settlement of the old west

Question 59

dawes severalty act- causes and effects

Answer 59

dealt with the native americans and they are now supposed to be settling down (assimilation), working on ways to get them to assimilate, gave them land to try to get them to settle down, set up schools to educate Native American children to teach them the mainstream american culture at that time

Question 60

importance of mining to the development of the west

Answer 60

pulled people out west like California bc of the gold rush and native americans had a reservation in the Black Hills of South Dakota so they also got pulled there, when minors show up native americans have to leave

Question 61

homesteading on the great plains

Answer 61

homesteads were an attempt to get farmers to move out west, 160 acres of land if you farmed and developed it, flat land and not a lot of water made it hard to farm out west, just grassland, started using windmills to pump water from underground so that helped

Question 62

frederick jackson turner- frontire thesis- safety valve theory

Answer 62

turner thesis= development of the frontier made americans tough and independent and individual safety valve theory- idea that it provided a place for excess population to go, helped keep cities from becoming too populous, temporary

Question 63

impact of deflation on farmers

Answer 63

prices decreasing/deflation hits farmers bc they are overproducing so the price they can charge for their goods is going down, not a lot of money out west, money was measured in gold and prices of goods was low so this hurt them