apush mid 4th nine weeks test Flashcards
(31 cards)
GI bill
given to veterans after WW2
way to pay soldiers for giving up college years to fight in a war
may include money for college
to buy a house
to start a business
able to do because economy was booming, govt can afford
cold war
expensive, starts in 1945-1989
war between US (democracy and capitalism) and Soviets (communism/command economy)
tried to contain communism (containment policy)- stop the spread
George Kennan invents containment policy
NATO
US and our friends (Canada, Western Europe)
opposes communist block on other side of iron curtain (Warsaw Pact)
Warsaw Pact: soviets respond to NATO w/ Warsaw Pact
Eisenhower Presidency
didn’t try to get rid of New Deal policies
Republican (cut spending) (previously Truman and FDR were democrats)
Highway act of 1956 (conventional): lots of money (not regular of republicans) built highway system for missiles/defense and travel/trade/infrastructure
Military Industrial complex: what Eisenhower calls all of the industries that benefit from military spending, like govt to expand spending
At farewell address Eisenhower warns against this (so much moeny being spent)
he was okay with spending money on missiles though
Eisenhower reduced military spending and size of conventional forces
Kennedy later builds up conventional force which leads to deficit spending, Kennedy believed in flexible response
1950s society
Demographics change, the baby boom makes America younger
economy is doing well and women stay at home having and tending to kids
so the population booms and expands out into the suburbs
Levittown: all cookie cutter houses
A lot of growth happens in the sunbelt (south) because of weather AC and electricity expands in the South (GA to CA)
affluent society
1950s there is a lot of wealth, made in America, a lot of money from imports, money circulating
pop culture
rock and roll, Elvis Presley, roots in blues (African American), culture transmitted on TV, wife at home with kids, hubby off work- TV reinforces, TV important in civil rights movement, the Vietnam war, elections (debates)
conformity
in the 1950s you were expected to act a certain way (cult of domesticity)
counter culture was pushing back against conformity/ young people
Beatnicks were counter culture movement in 1950s
Hippies were counter culture movement in 1960s (baby boomers grew up)
Age gap develops- 1/2 pop was under 20 in 1970
McCarthy and 2nd Red Scare
After WW2, reaction to Cold War (communists)
McCarthy accused many of being communists, his tactics fall because of TV
he goes after communism in the army, ppl see how reckless and illogical
2nd red scare ends after he’s televised
Truman Presidency
democrat, becomes pres after FDR dies. Continues New Deal but calls it fair deal. Desegregates armed forces and fed’l govt
executive order 9981 desegregates military
Space Race
competition between US and Soviets, Soviets gets first satellite up in space in 1957 called Sputnik and first man (gibberish name). US develops NASA to coordinate and get to the moon
Korean war
caused when N. Korea (communist) invades S. Korea. US gets involved under United Nations, stopped N. Korea and pushed them back to 38th parallel and stop the spread of communism, US win/ containment works
containment fails in China
CR movement
Brown v BOE (1954) overturns Plessy v Fergueson (seperate but equal)
can no longer segregate in school- federal decision
desegregation with all deliberate speed, states didn’t get to it
Little Rocks 9
Highschool in LR where 9 black kids put BvBOE to the test, were successful and had support from Eisenhower
Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955)
got buses desegregated
1960 election
Nixon (R) vs Kennedy (D)
televised debated
JFK considered to win first debate
JFK wins
Civil rights movement in 1960s
MLK makes name in Montgomery Bus Boycott and preaches nonviolent resistance. His role peaks at March on Washingtons “I have a dream speech” in 1953 (assassinated in 1958)
TV moves CR forward
SNCC (student nonviolent coordinating committee) use nonviolence to test segregation, have freedom summers and freedom rides to test segregation on buses start N and go S and register blacks to vote in the S
Sit ins (SNCC) sat in restaurants until they were served or removed
1960s CR movement becomes violent
Malcom X: leader in Islam, by any means necessary– violence
black power (Carr Michael) and black panther (wore uniforms) were trying to get political and economic equality in cities
CR act of 1964
civil rights for every disadvantage group, protects blacks, landmark legislation. LBJ is important in getting it passed
Voting rights act of 1965: addressed voting issues (ex literacy tests)
Miranda v Arizona
miranda rights- when arrested police have to read criminals their rights so they know (they can’t be taken advantage of)
Cuban Missile Crisis
almost led to Nuclear War- soviets tried to put missiles in Cuba, thought of as a JFK victory because Soviets removed missiles, US also promises to never invade Cuba, US removes their missiles from Turkey (unofficial)
Brinkmanship: push to the brink and sees who backs down first
Great Society
LBJ program, meant to break cycle of poverty and make America fair
JFK: new frontier
declares war on poverty, positive outcome, less poverty, really expensive
Immigration act of 1965 went away quota system, made it easier and fair
Vietnam war
N Vietnam (communist) vs S Vietnam
US gets involved because of domino theory (if S Korea folks, then all of SE Asia will too) and US must contain (containment) communism
LBJ is able to send more forces because of Gulf of Tonkin resolution which involved “US ships being attacked by W Vietnam,” pres gets power to send more troops in hopes of ending war (1964)
TET offensive (1968): evidence that US tactics aren’t working and war has no end in sight. When N Vietnam and Vietcong launch offensive of S Vietnam and America in Vietnam. Actually a loss for N Vietnam but shows they still have the will to fight (propaganda victory for N Vietnam)
Public perception of govt in 1970s
credibility gap. 1968 LBJ is done after TBT, Nixon lies about Pentagon papers, tried to escalate Vietnam war again, watergate scandal, Ford pardons Nixon of crimes. People stop trusting watergate scandal, Ford pardons Nixon of crimes. People stop trusting the govt, both parties, Dem and rep both did wrong
economics in 1970s
inflation caused by social spending (LBJ Great Society programs), the Vietnam war (wars are expensive, esp in loose), energy is going up in price (oil)
stagflation: high inflation and high unemployment, in depression but prices keep rising
