Army + Conquest During Condulate + Empire

Question 1

Surprise attack when + what (3)

Answer 1

May 1800 against Austrians in north Italy
50000 men but Austrians waiting
Reserve troops = success for French

Question 2

Why Austrian sign treaty of luneville + when

Answer 2

February 1801
Forced to after France won another battle in November

Question 3

What treaty of luneville (2+)

Answer 3

France was allowed to keep all its former gains + take lands in Tuscany
Austria lost all lands in Italy except Venice and Dalmatian coast

Question 4

When + what peace of Amiens

Answer 4

1802
End of second war of coalition

Question 5

What peace of Amiens

Answer 5

France agreed to leave UP, Naples and Papal States in return for British withdrawal

Question 6

Peace of Amiens British withdrawals (3+)

Answer 6

All overseas territories taken in past 9byears returned to French
Egypt returned to Turks
Malta returned to knights of Saint John

Question 7

Peace of Amiens fail

Answer 7

Neither side fully honoured terms - France kept UP + B kept Malta

Question 8

When did britain declare war again

Answer 8

May 1803

Question 9

Strength of British navy example

Answer 9

British admiral nelson destroyed a joint Franco-Spanish fleet at trafalgar in October 1805

Question 10

Army of England built by Napoleon (2)

Answer 10

Comprised 193,000 men + 9149 horses
2443 boats built to transport it

Question 11

Battle of traffalgar (4)

Answer 11

21 October 1805
27 British ships defeated 33 French and Spanish ships
Franco-Spanish lost 22 ships and British lost none
Confined British naval superiority

Question 12

1805 military success (2++)

Answer 12

October = defeated Austrians at river Danube = captured more 50,000 troops
December = defeated auto-Russian force = 90,000 R to 68,000 F

Question 13

What and when confederation of Rhine (3++)

Answer 13

July 1806
Consolidated French control over western Germany after victories in 1805
By 1808 =pconprised 36 states + Napoleon became president
States adopted code Napoleon and supplied troops for army and embraced Continental sytem

Question 14

What did CoR lead to (2)

Answer 14

Provoked prussians = annoyed with French attempts to stop British trade
Prussia joined B + R in September 1806

Question 15

When did Russians withdrawal

Answer 15

1807

Question 16

Treaty of Pressburg

Answer 16

1805
Napoleon given Dalmatia, Venice and Istria

Question 17

When treaty of Tilsit (4+)

Answer 17

July 1807
Russia, Prussia and France peace
Prussia gave up Poland and suffered French army occupation until paid 120m francs
Russia joined Continental sytem

Question 18

Italy and Napoleon by 1808 (3+)

Answer 18

Annexed Papal States in Italy
Feb 1808 = occupation of Rome
March 1808 = papal provinces annexed to kingdom of Italy

Question 19

What did annexation of Italy states to French empire mean (2+)

Answer 19

Strengthened Continental sytem
Showed balance of power swung firmly from papacy to emperor

Question 20

Ingredients for success - grande armee (3+)

Answer 20

Become more professional - promotion by merit has increased pool of skilled officers
Greater emphasis on military training + study
Long era of war = advances in weapon art = lighter field artillery

Question 21

How did recruitment change (5)

Answer 21

Volunteer days were over
From 1793 = recruits conscripted to provide army of unprecedented size
Expanding empire = more men to call on
Revolutionary properganda had instilled in men to fight for ‘liberty and equality’
Amalgame ensured recruits fought alongside veterans

Question 22

Military organisation what (3+)

Answer 22

By corps:
1800 he peremantly reorganised army creating smaller units = corps d’armee = advance on separate routes and conc. for battle
Lived of the land = more flexible and manoeuvrable

Question 23

Ingredients to success = leadership

Answer 23

Absolute authority = draw on whatever resources needed = forced loans from satellite states

Question 24

Rewards for military efforts (4+)

Answer 24

Extra rations
Opportunity to plunder
Land
Respect

Question 25

Weakenesses of French enemies (2++)

Answer 25

Suffered from traditional approach to warfare = Generals appointed because of who they were etc Coalitions never united in fight = broke up because individual members made peace = Napoleon exploited any and all diversions

Question 26

Exmaple of exploitation of divisions of coalition (3+)

Answer 26

1800 = N exploited opposition of P + R to British interference with neutral shipping Encourage Tsar Paul I to create league of armed neutrality = Prussia, Sweden, Denmark and Russia anglia st B 1801 = rapidly collapsed

Question 27

Main reason for empire expansion

Answer 27

Military success

Question 28

By 1810 - empire what

Answer 28

130 departments and population 44 million

Question 29

What did Napoleon claim empire was (3+)

Answer 29

Provide people with common fatherland Shared code of judiciary and law Spread enlightment and if Europe fo absolute rule, aristocratic rouveledge and feudal law

Question 30

What did Napoleon claim he was offering and replacement for (2)

Answer 30

Old and decaying Holy Roman Empire Done in 1806 with CoR

Question 31

How did he behave like royal families of Europe (2+)

Answer 31

Created a dynasty Replaced own family and French marshals on thrones of conquered European nations

Question 32

Example of ‘dynasty’ (2)

Answer 32

Brother Joseph was made king of Naples in 1808 Brother Louis made king of Holland

Question 33

Value of empire (5+)

Answer 33

Enhanced French pride Increased income = loans, tax and materials Source of patronage = seized land used as reward + titles Helped provide men for army Increased talent pool

Question 34

Problems with empire (5+)

Answer 34

Costly when economy was struggling to recover from revolution Costs of admin outstripped revenue Scholarships + positions given to imperial personnel = reduced number given to French = reinforce if class divisions Resentment created at conscription, tax, atttiutde to church and economic blockade = uprisings

Question 35

What - satlleite state (2)

Answer 35

Country that’s formally independant but under heavy political, economic and military influence and control French ones known as pays allies