Challenges To The Empire

Question 1

What was Berlin decree

Answer 1

Forbade all states under French control from buying British goods
Declared that britain and its overseas possessions were in a state of blockade

Question 2

When Berlin decree

Answer 2

1806

Question 3

How + when + what British response to Berlin decree (3+)

Answer 3

November 1807 = orders in council
- britain wouldn’t buy goods from France, it’s allies or neutral countries that obeyed French blockade
- Royal Navy would blockade French ports and allies

Question 4

What + when Milan decree (3+)

Answer 4

December 1807
Authorised French warships to capture neutral ships sailing from any British ports or country occupied by British forces
Any ships allowed themselves to be searched by British = could be captured by French

Question 5

What provoked co Pauling’s and uprisings

Answer 5

Tea, coffee, sugar and coffee became almost unobtainable everywhere in Continental Europe

Question 6

Who refused to obey Continental system (2)

Answer 6

Portugal = provoked damaging napoleoanic entry into Spain in 1808
1810 = tsar Alexander I chose to opt out of system

Question 7

Why did napoleons relations with Spain sour (2)

Answer 7

Spain plagued by political corruption and chaos
Attempted coup in march 1808 by charles’ (KoS) pro British son

Question 8

What did Napoleon do - abdication of Spain

Answer 8

100,000 soldiers entered Spain and in march Charles abdicated followed by Ferdinand in May

Question 9

What + when Madrid riots (3)

Answer 9

2 May 1808
Rebelled against French occupation = killed 150 French soldiers
Uprising crushed by Murat = trampled rebels and next day shot hundreds of madrids citizens in retaliation.

Question 10

Rebel Spaniards after abdication of Charles (3)

Answer 10

Formed local resistance committees
In July 1808 = Spanish army of Andalusia defeated N forces at battle of Bailen
Forced French to retreat and abandon Spain = surrender of 22000 men

Question 11

Consequence of failure against Spainish rebels July 1808 (4)

Answer 11

August 1808
British sent Arthur wellesley to aid Spanish
British/spainish army defeated French at battle of Vimerio in Portugal
Gave British a series of ports and bases to maintain pressure on F

Question 12

When + what Napoleon enter Madrid (3)

Answer 12

4th November 1808
Napoleon put himself in command of Spain
Entered Madrid with 80,000 troops

Question 13

Why was living of the land hard in Spain (3)

Answer 13

Hostility of Spanish peasants
Ceaseless guerilla warfare
Mountainous and barren areas = difficult for commanders to communicate

Question 14

What is guerilla warfare (2)

Answer 14

By peasant bands
Used surprise ambushes, night raids and attacks on outposts

Question 15

Why was Napoleon forced to leave Spain in January 1809

Answer 15

Deal with Austrians who because of French losses we’re going to restart attacks on F

Question 16

By 1813 what in Spain (2)

Answer 16

Wellesley defeated French at Vitoria and entered Madrid
Defeated French at battle of Toulouse in 1814

Question 17

Summary of Spanish campaign (2)

Answer 17

A quarter of a million French troops and huge amounts of money used
French never achieved a breakthrough - every victory was countered

Question 18

Austrians army reform

Answer 18

Improved tactics and corps structure and developed conscription

Question 19

Why did Austrians have advantage (2)

Answer 19

Invaded (French) Bavaria in April - sinner than expected
Bavarians retreated

Question 20

How did N fix Austrian situation (2)

Answer 20

Battle of Eckmuhl = 21/22 April 1809
12000 A casualties to 6000 French casualties

Question 21

N loss battle against Austrians (2)

Answer 21

Met forces at essling where he was outnumbered
Lost 20,000 men and was forced to retreat to island on Danube

Question 22

Napoleons revised plans after 2ns loss against Austrians

Answer 22

French recrossed river = 188,000 men
Met 5-6 July = 2 day long battle with total 300,000 men
French lost 34,000 and Austrian lost 43,000

Question 23

Treaty between Austria and France when + what (2)

Answer 23

Treaty of schonbrunn on 14 October 1809
Austria lost 83,000km2 of territory and 1/6 of its population

Question 24

Treaty of schonbrunn terms (4)

Answer 24

France received lands in Croatia
Russia rescinded territory in east Galicia
Grand duchy if Warsaw received territory in west Galicia
Austria reduced army size to 150,000 and adhered to C sytem

Question 25

Reasons for napoleons increase in military failure (3)

Answer 25

French army contained fewer veterans and more raw recruits than before
Relied on foreigners from satellite states = less reliable
Spanish campaign and risings in Germany and alps diverted French troops

Question 26

What was tsar concerned with

Answer 26

Napoleon s ambitions for Poland = feared might invoke taking back land which russia had seized

Question 27

When did tsar break trade embargo + what

Answer 27

31 December 1810
Put tariffs on French imports and allowed neutral ships (carrying British goods) into Russian ports

Question 28

Invasion of Russia (2)

Answer 28

June 1812
March 1812 = tsar allied with Sweden

Question 29

Evidence Napoleon not arsed about reformed principles like he claimed and more interested in winning (2)

Answer 29

Could have seized opportunity to liberate the Lithuanian serfs and win over ant-Russian Lithuanians
Instead to fosuced on destroying tsar army

Question 30

Russians scorched earth policy (2)

Answer 30

Determined to prevent French living of the land
Burned villages, towns, crops and livestock

Question 31

Why Napoleon failing (2(

Answer 31

Not planned for a long campaign in Russia
Had poor maps, inadequate clothes and limited medical supplies

Question 32

Russians and British first meet (2)

Answer 32

7 September 1812
Russians lost 40,000 men and French lost 28,000

Question 33

After Russian campaign (2)

Answer 33

Only 10,00p left of grande armee and barely 1000 fit for military service
Failure provoked a new coalition

Question 34

What happened when Napoleon reached Moscow (3)

Answer 34

Found it basically deserted
Russian gov set it on fire
Napoleon deserted his army and returned to Paris

Question 35

4coalition (5)

Answer 35

Russia, Prussia, Britain Austria and Sweden

Question 36

Napoleons new army created after Russia

Answer 36

250,000 men

Question 37

Battle of nations who and what (3)

Answer 37

French against p + A + R + S
Overwhelmed by sheer numbers
After 3 days = retreated to Germany

Question 38

Evidence of lack of power after retreat to Germany (4th c)

Answer 38

Issued a decree for 900,000 conscripts only a fraction were ever raised

Question 39

Treaty of Chaumont when + what (2)

Answer 39

March 1814
Allies agreed to preserve coalition until Napoleon had been defeated and future of Europe was settled

Question 40

Treaty of Frontainebleau when and what (4+)

Answer 40

April 1814
Napoleon made to give up throne but could keep title of emperor
Had income of £200,000
Island of Elba = own kingdom