Legal And Admin Change

Question 1

What did condificafion mean (2)

Answer 1

Helped standardise law by creating written and accessible records
Opportunity to define law after revolution upheaval

Question 2

When was civil code issued and then what (2)

Answer 2

March 1804
September 1807 it be me the ‘code Napoleon’

Question 3

What did the civil code confirm (4+)

Answer 3

Key revolutionary chnages:
Abolition of feudalism + removal of church + noble privilege
Secularisation of state
Euqality before the law
Supported employer over employee - forbade as coalition of workers

Question 4

What was much of the code concerned with + what

Answer 4

Male rights
Strong influence of Roman law

Question 5

What male rights in civil code (2)

Answer 5

Father / husband = head of family
Children subordinate to father until marriage + could be imprisoned if defied him

Question 6

What codes by NB combined revolution and traditional practises (4)

Answer 6

1806: standardise court practice
1807: guidelines for trade + business
1808: criminal procedure
1810: penal code = guideline for punishments

Question 7

1808 permit what (2)

Answer 7

Arrest without trial = traditional
Trial by jury = revolution

Question 8

1810 code determine (3)

Answer 8

Death penalty
Hard Labour and branding
Maximum and minimum penalties rather than fixed (ancien regime)

Question 9

Administers of justice who (2)

Answer 9

Professional training
Served during revolutionary period

Question 10

What + when special courts (3)

Answer 10

Established in 1801
Worked without a jury
Powers to impose death penalty

Question 11

Napoleon and departments (3)

Answer 11

In 1799 = 102
The height of the empire = 130
The admin divisions were retained and added to

Question 12

When did NB issue a law revising French admin system

Answer 12

February 1800

Question 13

What were prefects (2)

Answer 13

Agents directly responsible carrying out central authority in departments
Appointed by first consul

Question 14

What did NB inherit from revolutions - admin sytem (3++)

Answer 14

Elected councils to run local gov
No direct communication and coop with local council and central gov = failed
Local councils = lack of money to operate = inefficient

Question 15

What was prefect responsible for (4)

Answer 15

Tax collection
Agriculture + industry
Public education
Public welfare

Question 16

What were prefects to act as and do (4)

Answer 16

Eyes, ears and voice of central gov
Report on subversive behaviour
Spread properganda
Ensure gov orders carried out

Question 17

Who were prefects - specific numbers (2+)

Answer 17

Of 257 = 68% had been employed in former rev gov
Majority = former nobility

Question 18

What were the 5 branches of Napoleons gov

Answer 18

Civil admin = headed by prefects
The courts = under ministry of justice
The gendarmerie = under the war ministry
The civilian/ admin police
Tax bureau = under minister of finance

Question 19

What was the gendarmerie (4)

Answer 19

The military police
Set up in 1791
Became an elite and efficient professional force
Made up of army veterans

Question 20

What was the administrative police (3+ )

Answer 20

Secret police force - partly
Responsible for general surveillance
Gathered info on habitual + political troublemakers = call the gendarmerie to carry out arrests

Question 21

Takes of the gendarmerie (3)

Answer 21

Everyday law enforcement - dealt with theft + violence etc
Put down riots and rebellions
Helped enforce conscription

Question 22

Gendarmerie fail (2+)

Answer 22

Still some gangs of wandering labourers + urban unemployed
Could cause periodic bursts of trouble

Question 23

What were gendarmerie required to be (2)

Answer 23

6-10 men in each community
Honest, reliable, impartial

Question 24

What was the minister of police expected to do

Answer 24

Daily reports to Napoleon

Question 25

By 1810 what did Napoleon expect of the police (3)

Answer 25

Not only to crush opponents
Seek out potential opponents large or small
Surveillance was constant

Question 26

Minister of police Savary what (3+)

Answer 26

1810-1814
Between 4500 and 4700 were detained in Parisian prisons
Others exiled